The purpose of research is improving the efficiency of the breeding process with the planned inbreeding. Based on the works of Russian and foreign authors it is necessary to more closely approach the implementation of this method in practice. Many farms in the breeding of cattle meets application-related selection, often this phenomenon is spontaneous mean mass selection without studying the ancestry of individual animals or the proper documentation for the selection of the herd, and sometimes livestock-breeders deliberately form a related pair, despite the fact that in the literature there is still no clear conventional wisdom about the dangers of inbreeding or positive development. To properly assess the effectiveness of inbreeding it should be primarily studied the results of the use of inbred animals. The studies were conducted in a herd of Black-Motley breed cattle AIC «LUCH» Vavozhsky District of Udmurt Republic. The material for the study were pedigree card form 2-MOL, the data records, zootechnical and breeding records. Among outbreed animals were selected animals obtained by using the in-line selection and cross- line one. Inbreed individuals were classified depending on the degree and type of inbreeding. Cows resulting from the use of inbreeding, outbreeding outperform their half relative by yield of milk at 187.1 kg (3.5%). Between the calving, the longest period was detected in the group of cows resulting moderate inbreeding - 421.2 (R≥0.95) of the day, which is above the average for the group of outbreed and inbreed animals by 22.6 and 11.1 days, respectively.
In the modern world, the problem of honey-bee colonies’ death is acute. An intensive search is underway for environmentally friendly preparations that could stimulate the bees’ resistance to various diseases, as well as have a beneficial effect on the body, thereby contributing to an increase in honey productivity. Preparations based on live probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis genus are currently becoming increasingly popular. The use of probiotics in beekeeping allows to destroy pathogenic microflora, strengthen immunity and activate the body’s metabolic processes. The aim of the study was to determine the influence efficiency of probiotic preparations complex ApiVrach, SpasiPchel, Pche-loNormoSil during the period of spring development on the economically useful traits of honey-bee colonies. Studies have found that when probiotics are added to sugar syrup in the spring, the brood growth of bee colonies and their honey productivity are activated. The flight activity of bees when feeding with probiotic preparations increased by 43.6% from the control group. When assessing the dynamics of the bee colony’s strength, it was found that the usage of “ApiVrach” + “PcheloNormoSil” combination allows increasing the amount of sealed brood by 4 times, and the strength of the bee colony - by 1.5 times. Also, this combination of preparations made it possible to obtain the largest amount of total honey yield by 19.2% more than the control group, by 3.0% more than the group that received the ApiVrach + SpasiPchel complex and by 1.1% more than when using ApiVrach.
The article presents the results of immunogenetic studies of Simmental cows both by herd and by individual genealogical lines. During the first survey of the herd, about 100 alleles were identified in the blood B-system, including 15 most common in the herd. Such alleles were compared to 71.0 % of animals, and remaining 28.4 % were of a different rare alleles. Immunogenetic monitoring made it possible to follow the movement of genetic information in generations, to control the gene pool of the herd and to change it in a targeted way. The second survey (after 10 years) showed that the total number of alleles in the herd decreased, but the most common alleles were already 86.7% of animals, the rest (13.3%) had rarely encountered alleles. The ratio and frequency of B - alleles in the main lines of the herd – Florian 374, Fasadnik 642 and Margel 2122-also changed, which is associated with an increase in their genetic similarity. So, if according to the results of the first survey, the index of genetic similarity between the lines of Florian 374 and Fasadnik 642 was equal to 63%, Florian 374 and Margel 2122-51%, Fasadnik 642 and Margel 2122-60%, now these indicators are 74, 61 and 78.5%, respectively. The best milk productivity is distinguished by animals of Florian 374 line, their average milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation is 3878 kg with 3.88 % fat content in milk. In animals of the Fasadnik 642 and Margel 2122 lines, these indicators are 3472 kg and 3.92 %, and 3331 kg and 3.91%, respectively. The maximum difference in milk yield between animals with different blood B-alleles was 994 kg, the fat content in milk was 0.34 %, and the live weight was 85 kg, with a high degree of reliability of these differences.
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