Studies were conducted to find efficient Indole acetic acid producing strains and assessing the effectiveness of combined dose of azolla (dried) and IAA producers on plant growth. Out of ten isolates, only two isolates, viz, F1 and G2 were found to be potent IAA producers and were used for further experiments. It was found that the isolate F1 and G2 produced maximum amount of IAA at 0.9% tryptophan and incubation for 72 h at room temperature. The optimum pH for IAA production for isolates F1 and G2 was found to be at pH 9. The isolates were also assessed for the presence of other plant growth promoting activity, such as hydrogen cyanide production, oxalate solubilization, phosphate solubilization and zinc solubilization. Effect of IAA producers on seed germination was done by pot experiments carried out into sets. Isolates F1 and G2 were found efficient for plant growth promotion in desired aspects. Effect of combined dose of azolla and IAA producers on seed germination was assessed by pot experiments. For this, dried powder of azolla was added during sowing of culture treated seeds. No further culture supply was given to the seeds. Azolla has high protein content. Slow protein releasing property of azolla can be useful to provide constant supply of the precursor (tryptophan) for IAA synthesis by isolate. In addition to the plant exudates, azolla may also give constant supply of tryptophan. From all the assessed samples, the isolates FI and G2 showed efficient growth of plants in all aspects. G2 was found to be more potent than F1. So as to assess the compatibility of isolate in natural conditions, field studies were done. Four plots designed having individual size 9 × 5 m, were used. It was found that plots 3 (only culture) and 4 (culture with azolla) showed better plant growth as compared to others. On the basis of IAA producing ability of G2, pot experiments and field studies, it was concluded that isolate G2 can be used alone or in conjunction with azolla as a biofertilizer to get better plant growth.
Field bio-efficacy of Milastin-K (Bacillus subtilis KTSB-1015 1.5% A.S.) was conducted for the management of powdery mildew in grapes at National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune. Results compiled indicated that Milastin-K alone at 1.0 l/L and 2.0 ml/L sprayings (six) gave about 51.18% and 58.85% reduction in powdery mildew incidence respectively. Similarly, Milastin-K sprayings gave upto 22.48% higher yield over sulphur treatment. Likewise, four sprayings of systemic fungicides belonging to trizole group and then two spraying of Milastin-K @ 2.0 ml/L showed 99.98% control of powdery mildew on leaves and 92.31% control on bunches and increase in yield by 63.32% over sulphur treatment. Similarly, there was no any abnormality and phytotoxic effect observed by spraying Milastin-Kupto 2.0 ml/L alone or if sprayed after trizole fungicides. Therefore, Milastin-K a bio-fungicide fits well in integrated disease management and may be useful for export grape cultivation.
A field bio-efficacy of Brigade-BL (Beauveria bassiana) an entomopathogenic fungi was evaluated against mealy bugs (Meconellicoccus hirsutus) on Thompson Seedless grapes at National Research Centre on Grapes, Manjri, Pune during 2014-15. The experiment was conducted in RBD with five replications on foundation pruning and fruit pruning. Results obtained revealed that application of Brigade-BL @ 5.0 ml/L with two sprayings resulted in reduction of mealy bug colonies upto 67.82% in foundation pruning as compared to control. Likewise, at fruiting pruning, after fifth spray of Brigade-BL @ 5.0 ml/L recorded 75.68% reduction in mealy bug population and increase in fruit yield of 92.44% over control. Similarly, there was no any abnormality and phytotoxic effect observed by spraying Brigade-BL on grapevines. Likewise, Brigade-BL was found compatible with Buprofezin 25 SC chemical insecticide.
The pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is a key Lepidoptera pest of pigeon pea in Maharashtra and Karnataka state. Bio-efficacy of Caterpilin (Bacillus thuringiensis i.e.Bt) alongwith chemical insecticides was evaluated against pod borer during kharif season at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Results compiled revealed that Pop (Chemical insecticide) + Caterpilin (Bt) @ 1.0 g/L treatment to be more promising in controlling larval population of pod borer over control during first spray (49.13 to 66.84%), second spray (48.97 to 59.68%) and third spray (43.33 to 63.98%). Similarly, the above treatment recorded maximum reduction in pod damage (49.54%) and seed damage (50.52%) with increase in yield upto 96.21% over control and 30.44% over chemical (Pop) treatment. Similarly, spraying of Caterpilin (Bt.) did not show any phytotoxic effect on pigeonpea crop.
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