The FeCoNiCrMo0.5Alx system with x up to 2.13 was analyzed from the point of view of evolution of the phase composition and microstructure. Cast samples were synthesized by induction melting and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Vickers microhardness test methods. Phase compositions of these alloys in dependance on Al concentration consist of FCC solid solution, σ-phase, NiAl-based B2 phase, and BCC solid solution enriched with Mo and Cr. Phase formation principles were studied. Al dissolves in a FeCoNiCrMo0.5 FCC solid solution up to 8 at.%.; at higher concentrations, Al attracts Ni, removing it from FCC solid solution and forming the B2 phase. Despite Al not participating in σ-phase formation, an increase in Al concentration to about 20 at.% leads to a growth in the σ-phase fraction. The increase in the σ-phase was caused by an increase in the amount of B2 because the solubility of σ-forming Mo and Cr in B2 was less than that in the FCC solution. A further increase in Al concentration led to an excess of Mo and Cr in the solution, which formed a disordered BCC solid solution. The hardness of the alloys attained the maximum of 630 HV at 22 and 32 at.% Al.
The light scattering by moderately concentrated solutions of polystyrene and poly‐isobutylene has been studied. The dependence of excess light scattering on the concentration of the solution has been expressed by a curve with a maximum, the height and sharpness of which depend on the temperature, the molecular weight of the polymer, and on its interaction with the solvent. With an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer the position of the maximum is displaced toward lower volume fraction φ2, which with impairment of the thermodynamic interaction the maximum is found at higher φ2. The position of the maximum does not depend on the temperature. Light scattering increases with a drop in temperature if the system has an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and with a rise in temperature if phase separation takes place when the solution is heated (LCST). These results are in accord with the signs of the excess thermodynamic functions in these systems. Comparing the results with the Newtonian viscosity data on the same systems and with the literature on the aggregation of macromolecules, we conclude that polymer solutions exhibit two regions at concentration below φ2 = 0.5 characterized by differences in: (1) the region of interaction of uncoiling macromolecules, which is characterized by a considerable increase in light scattering and a relatively slight increase in viscosity; and (2) the region where the aggregates form a continuous random network, the order of which increases with the increase of concentration. This is followed by a decrease in fluctuations of concentration and hence of light scattering and a sharp increase in viscosity.
The cloud‐point curves for polystyrene (PS) solutions in ethylbenzene, decalin, and cyclohexane have been studied. Investigations of the spinodal for these systems were carried out using the light scattering method proposed by Chu and Scholte. The existence of the upper critical solution temperature polystyrene–for the system ethylbenzene has been demonstrated. For the sample of PS with a narrow molecular mass distribution the cloud‐point curves are binodal. The tops of binodals and spinodals coincide. From the temperature and angle dependences of light scattering the radius of gyration were calculated using the theory of Debye and of Vrij and Esker.
H 3 Y q e H O @ a 3 0 B O e pa3AeJIeHMe PaCTBOpOB B paCIIJIaBJIeHHOfi TPeXXJIOpHCTOfi C y p b M e KaPAOBbIX IIOJIRIIHpOMeJIJIHTMMH-JOB I4 IIOJIHHa@TMJIRMMnOB C @JIyOpeHOBOfi, @TaJIHAHOP R aHTpOHOBOfi 6OKOBbIMH r p y I I I I I I p 0 B K a M H . n O K a 3 a H 0 , 9TO IIOJIHIIHpOMeJIJIHTRM11AbI C @JlyOpeHOBOfi II @TaJIHAHOa 6OHOBbIMH r p y I I I I a M H 11 IIOJIRHa@THJIRMHA aHHJIHH@TaJIeHHa KpHCTaJIJIH3yKITCFI I I p R @a30BOM pa3AeJIeHHH paCTBOpOB. kl3yYeHEl C T p Y K T Y p a IIOJIHMepOB, IIOJIy9eHHbIX 113 PaCTBOPOB, Untersuchung des Phasengleichgewichtes und des Wechselwirknngsmechanismus oon Curdo-Polyimiden mit AntimontrichloridEs wird die Phasentrennung der Losungen von Cardopolypyromellithimiden und -polynaphthylimiden mit Fluoren-, Phthalid-und Anthronseitengruppen in geschmolzenem Antimontrichlorid untersucht. Dabei wird gefunden, daf3 die Polypj-romellithimide mit Fluoren-und Phthalidseitengruppen sowie das Polynaphthylimid des Anilinphthaleins bei der Phasentrennung der Losungen kristallisieren. SchlieWlich werden die Struktur der aus den Losungen erhaltenen Polymere und der Mechanismus der Wechselwirkung zwischen den Polyimiden und dem Antimontrichlorid betrachtet. Zriuestigation of the phase equilibrium and interaction mechanism of cardopolyimides with antimony trichloridePhase separation of solutions of cardo poly(pyromel1itic imide)s and poly(naphtholy1ene imide)s with fluorene, phthalide and anthrone groups in melted SbCI, is investigated. I t is shown that poly(pyromel1itic imide)s with fluorene and phthalide side groups are crystallized during phase separation of corresponding solutions. The structure of polymers obtained from solutions and the mechanism of polyimide-SbC1, interaction are studied. 700 1100 1 5 0 0~~ -7 1900 700 1100 I~OOCM-~ 1900 V V PHC. 4. HK-CneKTpbl Rapi[OBbIX n0JlRYIMHnOB (KPEBae 1) YI cHcTeY nonmnam-SbC$ (HpmbIe 2) npa 26°C. KoHqeH-TP-II nomnaepa B Bec. % (0); a -lM-@n (c = 8,2); 6 -rIl4-m~ (c = 15); B -TIkl-A (c = 10); r -I I H -~J I (c = 1,4); -IIH-QT (c = 15); e -IIH-A (c = 10) Acta Polymerica 31 (1980) Heft 12 731 AH~PEEBA, T A r E P , n I I P O B A , K O H E B E q , r J I Y X H X , Barroacmii, BHHOFPAAOBA H EOPIIIAK: Hayqeme 4a30~0ro p a B H o s e c m II M~X~H H~M~ ~3 a m o~e Z t c~~u a K a p a o m x IIXIHXMH~OB BOM pa3AeJIeHHII I I X P a C T
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