The process of electrochemical treatment of acid tars -wastes from sulfuric-acid treatment of white oils -was theoretically substantiated. Its commonality with processing wastes in the form of unsaturated hydrocarbons in electric ionization of π-bonds and their chemical saturation was noted.The orientation toward zero-waste technologies, especially in closed production cycles, has become the basis for development primarily of the chemical industry.A method for electrochemical processing of wastes from sulfuric-acid treatment of white oils, so-called acid tars, was experimentally found [1] and technology [2] for production of asphalt that on the whole corresponds to GOST 6617-76 was experimentally elaborated.A brief theoretical explanation* (substantiation) of the mechanism of the reactions in electrochemical processing of these wastes is given below.Acid tar is an emulsion of a relatively high-molecular-weight organic substance with an important proportion of double bonds between the carbon atoms in the molecules in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. I n t h e normal state, sulfuric acid in solution does not react with the organic part of a mixture. The ionization potential of the C=C π-bond, which is less strong than the σ-bond [3, pp. 38-39], is approximately 11 eV [4, pp. 67-69].
It was found, that in the n-component water-salt systems expressed in wt % (baricentral coordinated) the coordinates of compositions of (n -1)-saturated non-variant solution (the eutonics) and (n -2)-saturated solutions lying on the lines of monovariant equilibria are close to a plane (with the accuracy better than 1%). The rule presented is true for a broad class of systems. Taking into account the excessive difficulties of the analysis of systems with the number of components 4 and more this rule significantly facilitates the solution of research and applied problems.While using the commonly accepted types of projections the planar representation of investigation results of the multi-component water-salt systems for systems containing 4 or more components is impossible without the loss of a significant part of information. That is why an accurate reversed reproduction of all the array of results from the planar projection of these systems is impossible.Nevertheless, at the statistic analysis of the composition coordinates on the lines of mono-variant equilibria and in the non-variant points expressed in wt % in the systems of various types the following rule was established:In the n-component water-salt systems coordinates of points corresponding to (n -1)-saturated eutonics and (n -2)-saturated solutions forming the lines of mono-variant equilibrium are close to a plane when n is 4 or more.This rule is illustrated by many examples of definite systems presented in the table for various types of systems, 4-5-component, simple and mutual.Analysis of data was carried out by the statistic method of principal components [1] where during the transformation of orthogonal coordinates the space axes are rotated in a manner permitting to minimize the number of dimensions of the space necessary for the presentation of the data array. In some cases for the four-component systems the least squares method was used. It gives analogous results on the planarity of lines of mono-variant equilibrium and non-variant points.Small number of exclusions from this general rule accompanied by somewhat larger deflection from planarity is connected with the absence of stable diagonals in the four-fold mutual systems, with the formation of the incongruently soluble systems in simple four-fold systems, with the hydrolysis and loss of components in the four-fold, five-fold, simple, and mutual systems. Theoretical explanation of this rule about the planarity of coordinates of saturated solutions lies probably in degeneracy of the chemical component of interaction of substances in the multi-component saturated solutions and the prevalence of physical interactions in them.The established rule permits in the course of solving the research problems the prediction of the probable composition of the non-variant eutonic solution and to evaluate experimentally its composition by the simpler use of known methods of investigation of the water-salt systems.
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