This article, using the example of the production of methane oxidative ammonolysis, discusses the problems of safe process control. This is achieved by a set of precautionary measures. The industrial safety plan prevents one of the causes of technological equipment depressurization. The production of hydrocyanic acid by oxidative ammonolysis of methane is considered, in which, to prevent the vapor-gas mixture formation, it is necessary to ensure complete sealing of the apparatus in which the combustible substance is stored, and also to maintain the pressure in the apparatus equal to the design pressure.
A number of technical solutions, with the help of which it is possible to ensure the operation of devices with ammonia without the formation of explosive concentrations in them, are presented. These include: the presence of a mixture of combustible gas with an oxidizing agent with a working concentration in the apparatus above the upper or lower ignition limits, taking into account the safety margin; a system for supplying a non-combustible gas having a phlegmatizing property to the reaction zone; automatic regulators of the oxidizing agent and reducing agent ratio, as well as gas pressure regulators; protection against atmospheric and static electricity; automatic shutdown of the pipeline as a result of automatic shutoff of the valve; stationary gas analyzers that automatically signal a deviation from the norm.
The research methods of mudflow hazardous areas in the North Caucasus region are determined by the indicators that are priority in the development and study of similar areas. Mudflows require constant updating of their development territories’ maps, as well as the various parameters used to predict the mudflow threats and develop the anti-mudflow measures. The authors of the article present the indicators, values and air regime temperature, amount, composition, intensity, and also the precipitation mode, as well as the size and intensity of the modern glaciation and snow cover melting, the territorial moisture content, the presence of small rivers with large channels slopes and their flood regime. The analysis of the proposed research methods, on the basis of reliable materials and collected as a result of the mudflow phenomena study in the mountainous territory in the Republic of Ingushetia, divides the areas into three categories of mudflow hazard, and presents a medium-scale map of the mudflow hazardous areas in the Republic of Ingushetia at a scale of 1: 500 000.
Mud streams in the mountainous zone are formed almost everywhere in the Chechen Republic: on the northern slope of the Main Ridge and its spurs, the Skalisty, Pastbischny, Lesisty, Terskiy, Sunzhensky ranges and in the depressions between them. The conditions for the mud streams formation and mud stream hazardous regions of the Chechen Republic are determined by orographic tectonic-geomorphological, geological-lithological, soil-plant, anthropogenic and especially hydrometeorological conditions and affect the mud streams with their indicators. The variety and complexity of the relief, as well as the temperature regime, are used to predict the mud stream threat and develop anti-mud stream measures. The authors of the article provide the following indicators: air temperature regime, also values of average monthly and annual air temperatures, monthly values of vertical air temperature gradients in the Chechen Republic territory, changes in annual precipitation (mm) with terrain altitude above the sea level on the northern slope of the Eastern Caucasus, schematic map of orohydrography and mud stream channels of the Chechen Republic on a scale -1: 500,000.
This article discusses the problems of creating new compositions for ceramic tiles. There are two ways to process the composition of the molding material - dry and wet. A description of the wet processing method is given. The molding of the plastic mass is carried out by pressing to obtain a tile with a size of 50 x 150 mm. The molded product goes through the following stages of the technological regime: blowing in a drying stove with an increase in temperature from 25 °C to 700 °C for 3-4 hours. Further, at a speed of 15-20 degrees per minute, the temperature rises to 1050 0C and then the heat treatment continues for 30 minutes. After annealing, the product is cooled and tested.
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