The inefficient management of wastewater generated from agro-based industries has become a cause of environmental degradation. Treated agrobased wastewaters (TAWs) are characterized by higher nutrients load and therefore, utilizable in the agriculture and horticulture as irrigation source. Agricultural reuse of TAWs is the most common practice done by the farmers of developing countries. Using freshwater for substrate wetting has been creating an extra load on our drinking water resources. Globally, a huge volume of freshwater is utilized for substrate formulation in the commercial mushroom cultivation and integration of TAWs with mushroom cultivation has presented improvements in the mushroom productivity, signifying their cultivation more profitable. Furthermore, spent substrates can be used for biogas production, animal feed for mature castrated male sheep, post-weaning calves feeding, biodiesel production, bioethanol production, reducing sugar production, biofertilizer production, methane production, butanol production, etc. This book chapter deals with sustainable approaches to the potential use of TAWs in the formulation of mushroom's substrate material along with efficient management of spent mushroom substrate.
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