Potatoes is the most important food crop, one of the main crops grown throughout the world. A way to improve the profitability of the potato industry is processing. The processing production requires special varieties of potatoes. Tests were carried out by the department of vegetable breeding «Agrarian scientific center of republic of Dagestan» in 2017-2018 with the purpose of study the effect of soil-climatic conditions of Dagestan highlands on dry matter and starch content in potato tubers for production of processed potato products. Processing of potatoes is one of the methods to increase profitability of industry. One of the quality indexes of the use of potato varieties for their processing is high level of dry matter and starch. As a result of the research, the following varieties were identified: high-yielding are Impala, Irbit, Zhukovsky Ranniy, Manifesto, Matushka, Nevsky, Primabella, Rosara, Silvana, Spiridon and Udacha; high dry matter content are Alena, Vektor, Dzhokonda, Desiree, Matushka, Nart, Primabella and Rossi; high in starch: Desiree - 23%, Vector and Primabella - 22.2% each. The results of the present investigation revealed that climate of the mountainous areas of Dagestan republic promotes the increase of dry matter and starch content in potato tubers by 3-4%.
One of directions of increase of profitability of industry of production of potato is the industrial processing of tubers. In this case a consumer gets ready-to-cook foods or products prepared to the consumption mainly. The processing industry requires potato varieties with a solids content of 25% and higher. And for the trouble-free providing of the industrial is processing in necessary volumes and the sorts of different terms of ripening are needed in time. Aim hired, executed in 2017 - 2019 on the mountain ground of "Курахский", there was a study of the productivity of sorts and hybrids of potato of different terms of ripening in the conditions of highland of Republic of Dagestan, with the selection of sorts with high maintenance of dry substances and starch, as perspective for the industrial processing. A comparative assessment with the data of the originators of the variety showed that when growing potatoes in the mountainous climatic conditions of the republic, in tubers, the solids content increases by 3–6% depending on the variety. Potato varieties with a solids content of 25% and higher suitable for industrial processing were identified; Desiree - 29.0%, Vector - 27.8%, Primobella - 27.9%, Mother - 26.8%. Their introduction into production is cost-effective, justified and profitable.
SummaryThe results of study of impact of the new cultivation technology on the growth and plant development, and potato yield in the mountain province. The advantages of the technology "Surface planting" and the factors increasing potato productivity are presented.
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