The efficiency of treatment of paper prepared from 100% sulfite cellulose with basic agents (solutions of magnesium alkoxides or methoxycarbonate in alcohols or in supercritical carbon dioxide) to neutralize acid was studied, as influenced by the following factors: concentration of a basic agent in the neutralizing solutions, repetition of impregnation of paper with a neutralizing solution and hydrolysis of the neutralizing agent after each impregnation cycle, temperature and pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide, mixing of a neutralizing agent with supercritical CO 2 , and conditions (dynamic or static) the paper treatment with a neutralizing solution.Numerous libraries all over the world, including Russia, have accumulated a great number of decrepit and damaged documents. It is known that paper is destroyed due to hydrolytic breakdown of cellulose catalyzed with acids. Acids of various origins are present in paper: auxiliary acid additives (bleaches, sizing compounds) used in paper making, acid inc, paints, and pigments. A paper can be acidified with atmospheric sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen oxides, its acidity can increase on heating, moistening, and illumination. In order to weaken the negative effect of acids accumulated in paper, we must not only increase its pH to 8, but also provide a sufficiently large excess bacisity (henceforth the base stock) (no less than 300 mg-equiv kg !1 ) to decelerate paper aging and destruction in prolonged storage [1].
At present, a mobile, self-contained laser rated at 50 -70 kW or higher is required for solution of a whole range of urgent problems of technology and environment protection. Amongst these problems:. worn chemical and nuclear reactors recovery; . heavy-gauge metal welding and cutting; . hard material and rock destroy; . thin oil films elimination from water surface of seas and oceans.As comparative analysis of various types of lasers shows, the best of all weight and overall dimensions (absolute and specific), and performance, at the power level above are possessed by the gas-dynamic lasers. The following advantages are intrinsic for GDL:. direct conversion of thermal energy to one of radiation; . GDL does not require supplementary high power sources or mains of electric power;. relative ecological safety ofexhaust gases, similar to automobile gases; . relative simplicity ofservice etc. . Such a laser may be mounted in a conventional seabome container (40 ft) and then attached at practically any carrier, including airborne and seaborne.AMT GDL is being created on a basis of long-standing achievements of scientific and manufacturing institutions in the area of GDL, also experience of aviation and space science and industry in Russia. The technical solutions of basic units and aggregates are thoroughly tested on liability, hence AMT GDL overhaul period spreads to hundreds and thousands of hours, the exhaust being safe over noise and ecological parameters.Within the frame of this report, considered are selected problems concerning creation and development of the AMT GDL on a basis ofa gas-turbine engine.Presented are results of calculations and experiments carried out to raise AMT GDL efficiency by additional pumping owing chemical reactions taking place in gas flowing via nozzles of GDL. important condition for the effect to be achieved is proper arrangement of mixing and reacting processes in subsonic gas flow. Experimental results on chemically pumped GDL (ChGDL) discover the new trend of creation economically advanced high power industrial lasers, with low divergence of radiation, operating in any climate and consuming cheap sorts of fuel.Units of high power gas-dynamic laser (gas generator, nozzle unit, diffuser, mirrors and others) require intensive heat removal. Water is used for cooling in stationary setups. Under stationary conditions, water consumption is about 10 tons/hour that is not acceptable for mobile versions. Creation of mobile AMT GDL requires a new approach to the ways and systems of cooling. It is proposed to apply a compressor rated at 10 -20 kg/sec for bleeding the built-in cooling system. A Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/08/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms turbocompressor aggregate of a mass-production turbojet is implied to provide the system with compressed air: 3 -5 atm is planned to be extracted from the fan section and 20 -25 atm from high pressure section. I. Experimental Investigation combustion-driven chemical gasdynamicC02-laser ABSTRACT T...
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