Background: Maternal anemia in pregnancy is common and has several deleterious effects on the health of the mother and the fetus. Maternal anemia is an important risk factor for LBW babies and preterm babies. There exists an insufficient information regarding the adverse effect of anemia during pregnancy especially among rural population. The aim of the study was to determine whether maternal anemia would affect the birth weight of the baby.Methods: The study was conducted in post-natal ward in Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Ariyur, Puducherry, India a tertiary care hospital in a rural area.Results: About 85% of low birth weight babies were born to mothers with severe maternal anemia with a p value of <0.001 which is statistically significant. None of the mothers who didn't have maternal anemia had low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Maternal anemia is directly proportional to fetal growth. Maternal anemia being an important risk factor for low birth weight should be prevented as early as possible thus helpful in de-creasing the incidence, mortality and morbidity of LBW babies.
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to a reversible accumulation of urea, creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and disturbances in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The incidence of AKI continues to increase in the Paediatric age group particularly in critically ill children with the etiology shifting from primary renal disorders to multifactorial cause. The objective of the study to determine the incidence, clinical profile and outcome of AKI in critically ill children using p-RIFLE criteria.Methods: A prospective observational study was done with 342 children aged between 1-12 years, admitted in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Institute of Child Health and Research Centre, Madurai Medical College, Madurai during July 2015 to June 2016.Results: The overall incidence of AKI among critically ill children was 30.1%. The mortality rate was 43.7% and 20.7% patients with AKI had partial renal recovery at the time of discharge. 27.2% patients required renal replacement therapy (RRT). Infectious causes 57.3% (Sepsis, Meningoencephalitis, Bronchopneumonia) dominated the etiological profile.Conclusions: Incidence of AKI is high in critically-ill children. AKI continues to be associated with adverse outcomes, including high mortality and partial renal recovery.
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome in critically ill children. Reliable prediction of severe AKI may optimize treatment. Here we operationalize the concept of renal angina with Renal Angina Index (RAI). The objective of this study was to validate RAI for prediction of severe AKI on Day 3 of admission.Methods: A prospective observational study including children 1 month to 12 years admitted to PICU at ICH and RC, Madurai over 6 months. Clinical data, urine output (ml/kg/hour), serial S. creatinine values were collected. Renal angina positive was defined as RAI score ≥8.Results: Overall incidence of AKI was 27.8%. Day 0 RAI ≥8 was 42.9% of which 56.1% developed day 3 AKI. RAI ≤8 had high NPV of 93% for Day 3 AKI. Renal angina concept using RAI predicts subsequent severe AKI. RAI provides clinically feasible and applicable methodology to identify critically ill children at risk of severe AKI lasting beyond functional injury. RAI may potentially reduce capricious AKI biomarker use.Conclusions: The use of renal angina to stratify patients for enrollment in biomarker or therapy trials may create the uniformity required to properly analyze AKI in pediatric population. We believe that renal angina is a clinical adjunct that will lead to the optimization of AKI biomarker performance across the wide-ranging heterogeneity that exists across the general pediatric PICU population. RAI may potentially reduce capricious AKI biomarker use by identifying patients in whom further testing would be most beneficial.
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