Decay results in appreciable losses in sound wood volume in sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) timber in the Ottawa–Huron and Algoma Extension Forest region of Ontario. Seventy-four per cent of 606 sample trees had some measure of decay. Twenty-eight fungi were found to be associated with decay in living trees. The most important of these are Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél., Polyporus glomeratus Peck, Ustulina vulgaris Tub, Fomes connatus (Weinm.) Gill., Hydnum septentrionale Fr., Corticium vellereum Ell. & Crag., Pholiota spectabilis Fr., and Fomes igniarius (L. ex. Fr.) Gill. Several species previously unreported in the literature were found to be associated with decay in sugar maple in Ontario. Armillaria mellea is the most serious butt-decay fungus and P. glomeratus is the most important trunk-rotting species. Frost cracks are the most important courts of entry for decay fungi. Various discolorations occur in sugar maple. The average extent of decay in living trees is estimated according to the occurrence of sporophores of F. connatus, F. igniarius, H. septentrionale, and U. vulgaris. The incidence and volume of decay increased progressively with age and diameter. One hundred and nine species of Basidiomycetes are tabulated as occurring on living and dead sugar maple in Ontario.
An investigation of decay in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and fir (mainly Abies amabilis (Loud.) Forb.) in the Juan de Fuca forest region of British Columbia has shown that the major organisms causing root and butt rots are the same in both species. These are Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc., Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke., Armillaria mellea Vahl ex Fr., Polyporus sulphureus Bull. ex Fr., and P. circinatus Fr. Those organisms causing trunk rots of western hemlock, in decreasing order of importance, are Fomes pinicola (Sw.) Cke., F. Pini (Thore) Lloyd, Stereum abietinum Pers., Fomes Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. and Trav., and Hydnum sp. (H. abietis). These same organisms causing trunk rots of fir, in decreasing order of importance, are Fomes pinicola, Stereum abietinum, Hydnum sp. (H. abietis), Fomes Pini, and Fomes Hartigii. The logs of 963 western hemlock were analyzed in detail. Maximum periodic volume increment was reached between 225 and 275 years of age. Maximum periodic volume increment was reached between 275 and 325 years of age in the 719 fir that were analyzed. Scars were the most frequent avenue of entrance for infection. In 59% of the cases of infection studied the fungus had entered through wounds.
An examination of lodgepole pines with basal fire scars has shown a correlation between the incidence of fungi entering the scars and the area of the scars. A number of fungi entering the scars and associated with red stain, other decays, and blue stain, are identified and illustrated. The significance of fire scars in the management of lodgepole pine in Alberta is discussed.
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