The existing publicly available programs for the design of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights assume an initial level of personnel training and do not provide for a detailed study of the aerial pho-tography project (APP) in terms of photogrammetric and visual (photographic) quality of photographic materials, requirements of regulatory documents for the accuracy of the final product. In order to achieve the topographic quality of the APP with UAV, it is necessary to take into account a number of its features. The paper considers the issues of determining the optimal duration of the aerial photog-raphy day and the effective image format when using interchangeable lenses. It also provides the rec-ommended procedure for calculating the parameters of the topographic APP, taking into account the data of the exposure triangle "shutter speed - aperture - photosensitivity (ISO)", requirements for the maximum quality and theoretical resolution of the "lens - digital image" system. The technique of de-termining the position of high-rise objects relative to the boundaries of the depth of field (DOF) at giv-en exposure parameters of the camera and the possibility of their correction is described. Based on the theoretical provisions, the author has developed a program that allows it possible to carry out the com-prehensive design of aerial photography works with UAVs, including consumer cameras to obtain re-sults of topographic quality. According to the results of the carried out research, it was concluded that an iterative approach to the design of APP parameters is necessary based on the data on shoot location, the customer's requirements for accuracy, the characteristics of the UAV, and the used photographic equipment.
The existing regulatory documents on photogrammetric works are technologically outdated. They neither take into account the peculiarities of aerial photography with digital cameras, the navigation equipment used and modern image processing methods, nor regulate the technique of calculating the pixel size on the ground. In order to select the pixel size in the terrain for aerial photography with topographic requirements concerning to the results, the method of multivariate analysis of the input data is proposed. It is supposed to ensure the minimum pixel size on the ground according to such criteria as the accuracy of the aerial triangulation results, the accuracy of building a digital elevation model for orthotransformation, the possibility of the objects interpretation with a specified minimum size and consideration of camera exposure parameters. To determine the accuracy criteria, we used formulas for pre- calculation of spatial phototriangulation accuracy with multiple choice of parameters. Examples of pixel size selection in the terrain at designing aerial photography by an amateur camera for the purposes of large-scale mapping are considered. Conclusions on the necessity of solving the issues of selecting parameters of large scale aerial photography, taking into account multiple input data and used aerial survey equipment are made.
The research results of the cubic carbon nanosized particle synthesis during short pulse ion beam implantation to silicon target are presented. The experiments are carried out using the high power ion beam accelerator "TEMP". The beam parameters are as follows: the ion energy is 250-300 keV, the pulse duration is 80 ns, the elemental composition of beam is carbon ions and protons, and the ion current density is 20-25 А/cm 2 . The formation of SiC nanosized particles and nanodiamonds in the surface layer of silicon is found out under sequential action of more than 100-500 pulses.
Despite the variety of flight task preparation programs represented in the market and introduction of new standards of technical requirements in topographic aerial photography, the design issues of the latter are not worked out in detail; the criteria of pixel size selection on the ground are not defined. The necessity of considering all the input data i.e. customer requirements to the outcome product, characteristics of the used technical means of flight support, navigation and photographic equipment, the impact of external factors of the photographic environment was noted in the paper. Within the framework of the unified methodical approach to the choice of the pixel size in the design, the use of theoretical and physical similarity criteria is proposed. The method provides analyzing aerial photography’s all external and internal factors complex interaction and consideration of their affecting the result. Physical criteria, i.e. stability of flight, image quality of images, and depth of depicted high-altitude objects sharpness are considered in detail. The theoretical justification of determining the similarity coefficients is given. It analyzes the changes in coefficients depending on focal length, camera exposure parameters, etc. The method of taking into account physical factors and estimation of design accuracy is presented. The software implementation of the method is described. The practical example of multi-factor data analysis for selection of pixel size for designing large-scale aerial photography of built-up area is considered. The relevance of determining the coefficients directly in the course of aerial survey is shown.
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