Many investigators have studied the hydraulics of flow under an ice cover [i-6, 8-11]. Two general features characterize all these works: a) the parts of the cross section under the effect of the channel bottom and the ice cover are examined separately; b) Chezy's formula and its various modifications are used when deriving design relations for both parts of the stream cross section.It is necessary to establish at each site the shape of the velocity distribution of the stream flowing between two surfaces having different roughness in order to determine the location of the surface which is defined b} the lines of maximum velocities.Since such investigations have not been carried out previously, we must resort to various assumptions when constructing the design schemes; consequently, the existing design relatiom usually give different results which often do not agree with the observed data. However, we can use the results of extensive and thorough investigations of the uniform flow in open channels to establish the velocity distribution in a stream between surfaces of different roughness.Let us examine the usual dmtrlbutlon ( Fig. 1) for the case of uniform movement in a wide rectangular channel, where R = H. The flow is divided into regions I and II by a plane 0-0 passing through the line of maximum velocity. In both regions the velocity structure is determined basically by the character of the corresponding solid boundary, Le., we can examine a system of two uniform open streams having identical boundary conditions on the free surface.
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