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Contains a discussion of effects influencing the development of electron avalanche in a dense medium, such as non-binary particle collisions, interatomic correlation and lowering of the ionization potential. By allowing for those effects, the Townsend coefficient is increased by several orders of magnitude and it becomes possible to describe the recently obtained experimental data in liquid xenon.

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Experimental methods of determination of the fractal Experimental methods of determination of the fractal dimensions of fractal aggregates are described. The results of dimensions of fractal aggregates are described. The results of studies on aggregation of colloidal particles in different regimes studies on aggregation of colloidal particles in different regimes are discussed. Data on the hydrodynamics of colloid dispersions are discussed. Data on the hydrodynamics of colloid dispersions containing fractal aggregates and on the rheology of fractal gels containing fractal aggregates and on the rheology of fractal gels are presented. Capillary phenomena in fractal systems as well as are presented. Capillary phenomena in fractal systems as well as the structural and mechanical properties of aerogels and peculiar the structural and mechanical properties of aerogels and peculiar features of the optical properties of fractal aggregates are features of the optical properties of fractal aggregates are described. The bibliography includes 395 references described. The bibliography includes 395 references. .

Various approaches to the formation of ordered struc-Various approaches to the formation of ordered structures of colloid particles are described. The emphasis is placed on tures of colloid particles are described. The emphasis is placed on the formation of such structures by nanoparticles at interfaces. A the formation of such structures by nanoparticles at interfaces. A number of processes involving the so-called self-assembly of number of processes involving the so-called self-assembly of particles are considered. Examples of the formation of ordered particles are considered. Examples of the formation of ordered structures (two-and three-dimensional colloid crystals) are given. structures (two-and three-dimensional colloid crystals) are given. The driving forces of the self-assembly of nanoparticles and the The driving forces of the self-assembly of nanoparticles and the salient features of the physicochemical properties of ordered salient features of the physicochemical properties of ordered ensembles of such nanoparticles are analysed. The bibliography ensembles of such nanoparticles are analysed. The bibliography includes 502 references includes 502 references. .

Here we use model nanocomposites based on polystyrene and polyphenylene dendrimers to show both theoretically and experimentally that inclusion of rigid nanoparticles of 2.3–5 nm size into the polymer leads to a negligible glass transition temperature (Tg) increase.

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