No abstract

The development of artificial intelligence systems based on various principles, including anthropomorphic and nature-like systems, as well as progress in the construction of quadrocopters for various purposes, made relevant the practical application of these tools for the effective monitoring of underlying surfaces by groups of such devices. The solution of this problem is associated with the effective control of them in conditions of passive and active interference that impedes the fulfillment of missions, as well as with the problem of reconfiguring their construction in case of fail. The model obtained in the work and the calculations made it possible to conclude that the use of the following approach in the future will allow the creation of a self-government system by an independent group of quadrocopters, capable of performing various missions without control from the Earth under conditions of active and passive interference, as well as with permanent failure of quadrocopters.

The description of the system intended for genetic programming and consisting of a large number of elementary computers is given. Commands and data are placed in a cell consisting of four fields – the first address field, the second address field, the arithmetic field and the result field. This architecture made it possible to place a software binary tree formed by commands and addresses into sequentially located cells of an elementary computer. This technique made it possible to simplify the crossover and mutation operators, as well as the coding of the problem without involving complex programming systems and supercomputers. In the future, it is planned to use table processors tested on complex problems of genetic programming to significantly reduce power consumption in on-board computers of aviation and space technology.

Results are given on simulation of the phase transition solid-liquid in copper by the molecular dynamics technique (MDT), pressure and volume being constant. A direct evidence for the possibility of vacancy mechanism of melting predicted by Frenkel is obtained. I n the presence of the free surface (p = const) when the temperature of the medium approaches the melting point vacancies are formed a t the surface monolayer (= 800 K). At higher temperatures an intense diffusion of defects takes place. The appearance of vacancies is associated with "premelting". Real melting starts (Tm) with a n inward diffusion of the "surface" vacancies, simultaneously the whole volume being characterised by generation of Frenkel pairs (= 1050 K). For V = const T, increases appreciably (= 1710 K) due to thermal pressure. Mechanism in this case is similar to that for p = const. There is an instability of the lattice along the (100) direction that results in generation of Frenkel pairs at the melting point. The mechanism is associated.with simultaneous perpendicular movement of the two neighbour atoms along the above directions. The lifetime of an unstable pair is about = 10-ls s. Then i t annihilates or falls into stable defects. An intense diffusion by a vacancy and interstitial mechanism is observed (= 5 x 10+ cm2/s).Es werden Ergebnisse der Simulation des Phasenubergangs fest-flussig in Kupfer mittels der dynamischen Molekulartechnik (MDT) unter konstantem Druck und Volumen angegeben. Es werden direkte Hinweise fur die von Frenkel vorhergesagte Moglichkeit eines Vakanzenmechanismus des Schmelzprozesses erhalten. Beim Vorliegen einer freien Oberfliiche (p = const) werden, wenn die Temperatur des Mediums den Schmelzpunkt (e 800 K) erreicht, a n der Oberfliichenmonoschicht Vakanzen gebildet. Bei hoheren Temperaturen findet eine intensive Diffusion der Defekte statt. Das Auftreten der Vakanzen ist mit dem ,,VorschmelzprozeS" verkniipft. Reales Schmelzen tritt ein mit einer nach innen gerichteten Diffusion der ,,Oberfliichen"-Vakanzen, wobei das gesamte Volumen durch die Generation von Frenkelpaaren (= 1060 K) charakterisiert ist. Fur V = const nimmt T , betriichtlich (= 1710K) durch den thermisohen Druck zu. Der Schmelzmechanismus ist in diesem Fall mit dem fur p = const iihnlich. Die Generation von Frenkelpaaren am Schmelzpunkt fuhrt zur Instabilitiit des Gitters in Richtung {loo). Der Mechanismus ist verkniipft mit gleichzeitiger senkrechter Bewegung der beiden benachbarten Atome in den oben angegebenen Richtungen. Die Lebensdauer eines instabilen PBares ist etwa = lo-" 8. Dann annibiliert es oder fiillt in stabile Defekte. Eine intensive Diffusion uber einen Vakanzen-und Zwischengittermechanismus wird beobachtet (= 5 x 10-6 cmz/s).