The highest control of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the field experiments was provided by the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold (effect - 83%; dose - 4.5 l/ha), bent sedum (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) with herbicide Mastak (effect - 88%; dose - 0.5 l/ha), chicken millet (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) using the herbicides Varyag and Datonit Gold (effect - 57%, dose - 4.5 and 2.5, respectively), white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) – herbicide Datonite Gold with surfactant (effect - 85%; dose - 2.5 l/ha). The greatest chemical control was provided by the application options of herbicides Varyag – 4.5 l/ha and Agent – 0.6 l/ha in the phase of 3-5 leaves of the crop in June. This treatment provide the Ponki sorghum hybrid grain yield increase 24-27% compared to the control.
Topicality. Adhesives are an integral part of the weed control system in the maize crops, because they increase the efficiency of herbicide application. They significantly reduce the cost of plant protection products and increase their efficiency, as well as increase the adhesive properties of the herbicide solution to prevent its runoff and prolong its action. Development of new herbicides, constant weather and climate changes require to study further the effectiveness of the combined action of herbicides and adhesives. Among the adhesives for maize, it is generated interest such products as Synergent SOC, Eco Oil Spray, Esterlip, etc. Purpose. To reveal the effectiveness for combinations of herbicides with adhesives in the maize crops, as well as their impact on plant growth and development. Materials and Methods. The experimental scheme included the following combinations of rimsulfuron with adhesives: 1. Control (Rimsulfuron without adhesive); 2. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Trend 90 (0.15 % working solution); 3. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Synergent (0.15 % working solution); 4. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Eco Oil Spray (0.15 % working solution); 5. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution); 6. Rimsulforon (35 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution); 7. Rimsulforon (25 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution). Results. The combination of rimsulfuron with adhesive Esterlip had the highest technical efficiency compared to other adhesives, in particular, on the redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was 75–100% (complete destruction) and lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) – 85.7–92.9 %, slightly less on common ragweed (Ambrosia arte-misiifolia L.) – 83.3%. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) was highly resistant to almost all combinations of rimsulfuron with adhesives. The highest maize yield of 8.99 t/ha was in the variant with Rimsulfuron (40 g/ha) + Esterlip. Reduced application rate of Esterlip to 25–35 g/ha decreased the maize yield to 7.34–7.65 t/ha, or by 1.34–1.65 t/ha (14.9–18.3 %) due to increased weed infestation of crops. The application of adhesives Trend 90, Synergen, Eco Oil Spray also decreased maize yields to 8.48 t/ha, 8.07 t/ha and 8.62 t/ha, respectively, which was less by 0.51 t/ha (5.6 %), 0.92 t/ha (10.2 %) and 0.37 t/ha (4.1 %). The lowest yield was in the control – 5.30 t/ha due to significant weed infestation of grain crops, which decreased by 3.69 t/ha (41.0 %) compared to the best variant (Rimsulfuron (40 g/ha) + Esterlip). Conclusions. Considering the ongoing development of new adhesives and herbicides for maize, as well as climate changes, it is necessary to continue research in this area to determine the most optimal ratio of herbicide rates with adhesives. Key words: maize, weeds, herbicides, adhesives, yield, technical efficiency
At the current weed infestation level of chernozem, it is almost impossible to grow sunflowers without the regulated use of the most effective herbicides with different action spectrum on weeds. It was established that tank mixtures of ethametsulfuron-methyl herbicides (750 g/kg) – 25 g/ha + aclonifen (600 g/l) – 1.2 l/ha + surfactant Trend 90 – 300 ml/ha and ethametsulfuron-methyl (750 g/kg) – 25 g/ha + aclonifen (600 g/l) – 1.5 l/ha + surfactant Trend 90 – 300 ml/ha provided the highest technical efficiency and the lowest air-dry mass of weeds in the oilseed agrocenosis. Their technical efficiency was 61.2–65.8%. Almost all variants of herbicide tank mixtures showed a high phytotoxic effect on green amaranth (Amarantus retroflexus L.) – 51-61%, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) – 52–76%, field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) – 100%, yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila L.) was the less controlled – 21– 31%. The variants with the application of herbicide tank mixtures of ethametsulfuron-methyl (750 g/kg) – 25 g/ha + aclonifen (600 g/l) – 1.2 l/ha + surfactant Trend 90 – 300 ml/ha showed the highest indicators of the yield structure elements, here the 1000 seed weight was 73.1 g at a maximum basket diameter of 31.5 cm. These indicators were less in 1.2–1.7 times for other studied variants with the herbicide tank mixtures. When application of the tank mixtures of ethametsulfuron-methyl (750 g/kg) – 25 g/ha + aclonifen (600 g/l) – 1.2 l/ha + surfactant Trend 90 – 300 ml / ha and ethametsulfuron -methyl (750 g/kg) – 25 g/ha + aclonifen (600 g/l) – 1.5 l/ha + surfactant Trend 90 – 300 ml/ha, it was obtained the maximum yield of sunflower seeds 2.15 and 2.07 t/ha, respectively. Other variants with herbicides and their tank mixtures had significantly lower yield of sunflower seeds – by 23–27 %. Key words: sunflower, weeds, herbicides, tank mixes, yield, technical efficiency
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