Шошина Е. В. и др.
Ecological factors regulating growth of seaweeds in Arctic communitiesАннотация. Проанализированы особенности макроводорослей в арктических сообществах в связи с периодическими и непериодическими воздействиями экологических факторов. Показано, что существование фитоценозов бентосных водорослей северных морей контролируется в основном первичными периодическими экологическими факторами, выступающими в качестве триггеров, которые определяют направленность вегетативных и генеративных процессов, а также и способствуют появлению адаптационных приспособлений к экстремальным условиям внешней среды. Поэтому периодические воздействия экологических факторов вызывают лишь структурные перестройки в фитоценозах фукусовых благодаря упругой устойчивости популяций водорослей, приобретенной в результате длительного процесса адаптации к условиям северных морей. Непериодические первичные факторы также нарушают соотношение численности за счет у элиминации и угнетения роста определенных возрастных стадий водорослей. Однако и в данном случае благодаря резистентной устойчивости сообщество водорослей способно со временем восстановить структурно-функциональную организацию.Abstract. Features of seaweeds in the Arctic communities in connection with periodic and unperiodic influences of ecological factors have been analyzed. It has been shown that the existence of benthic algae biocenosis of the northern seas is mainly controlled by the primary periodic environmental factors acting as triggers that determine the direction of vegetative and generative processes, as well as contribute to the emergence of adaptive devices to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, periodic exposure to environmental factors cause only structural changes in plant communities due to the elastic stability of fucus algae populations acquired as a result of the long process of adaptation to the northern seas conditions. Unperiodic primary factors also violate the ratio of the number by elimination and inhibit growth of certain algae age stages. However thanks to the stability of resistant the algae community can eventually restore its structural and functional organization.Ключевые слова: макроводоросли, периодические и непериодические экологические факторы, арктические сообщества.
The specific and spatial structure of benthic algal community on the littoral zone in the east area of Murman coast of the Barents Sea (69°11'78''N, 36°04'38''E) has been studied in the conditions of anthropogenic influence absence. As a material for studying indicators of fucoid community and populations of dominating species in connection with habitats own long-term seasonal observations and data of scientific expeditions of 1994-2017 have served. The species composition of littoral phytocenosis consists of 39 species including 18 brown, 9 red and 12 green seaweeds, with prevalence on number of annual and seasonal species, on a biomass - perennials. Ecological factors influence essentially on seaweed distribution in different sites of the littoral zone. The major abiotic factors are presence of firm substratum, surf and storms, ice motion. Seaweed littoral community had multi-level structure, in which the basic layer was occupied by brown seaweeds with numerous litophytes and epiphytes under beds and on thallus of dominant species. The community algal biomass in the littoral zone was from 2.8 ± 0.6 up to 17.7 ± 2.9 kg/m² and depended on the species structure, substratum for benthic seaweeds, surf and tides. The biomass and density of fucoid seaweeds varied over a wide range in different biotopes under a natural rigid press of seasonal changes of environmental factors (temperature, surfs, storms) during tides and under natural damages of littoral community in the arctic region. As a whole littoral fucoid phytocenosis of the bay could be considered as an example of adaptation of seaweeds populations to the conditions of the northern seas. The received results could be useful for estimating ecological status of coastal ecosystem, at stock assessment of commercial seaweeds and for algal aquaculture development in the Barents Sea.
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