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The crinoid Ptilometra australis Wilton yields to organic solvents a complex mixture of pigments from which the three principal components have been separated by chromatography on magnesium carbonate. These substances have been shown by spectral and chemical examination to be 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxypropyl). anthraquinone, 1,6,8-trihydroxy- 3-(2-hydroxypropyl)anthraquinone, and 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3- propylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid. The distinct types of crinoidal pigments isolated from Comatula species1 and from Ptilometra australis both conform to the acetate rule and are probably endogenous in origin. Both yellow and black specimens of the crinoid Tropiometra afra Hartlaub also contain the anthraquinonecarboxylic acid isolated from P. australis.

An investigation using high voltage (800 VRMS, 1140 V peak at 14.3 Hz) electrical stimulation (ES) showed that lambs should be stimulated within 30 min of slaughter for 60-120 set for maximum effect on Warner-Bratzler shear force values. Shear force values of lamb muscles chilled at different rates were significantly (P