Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a commonly encountered micro vascular disorder in ophthalmic outpatient department. It is estimated that approximately 191 million people may be suffering from this disorder by year 2030. (3) The rapid increase in number of persons with Diabetes is expected to lead to an increase in number of persons with ocular complications of diabetes. The prevalence of retinopathy changes in diabetic patients varies considerably, but is probably 20 to 30 % and out of it, 3-4% cases are of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.(4) Diabetic Retinopathy has been studied extensively in past about its effect on vision, different pathologies, incidence, prevalence, risk factors, its various diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities.(5-9) However the correlation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy and its prognosis has not been studied adequately which warrants further studies. These risk factors once accurately identified and appropriately controlled at an early stage, progression of diabetic retinopathy and its subsequent effect on vision can be effectively controlled. Aims and objectives: To study the clinical profile, presentation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy.
Introduction:Myopia is a form of refractive error which is a leading cause of visual disability throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in ocular biometric parameters in various degrees of myopia i.e. low myopia (<-3D), moderate myopia (-3D to -6D) and high myopia (>-6D).
Introduction: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. Of the two main types of RVO, Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is 4 to 6 times more prevalent than Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO), and is the most common type of RVO. Risk factors evaluated in this study include Age, Sex, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Tobacco consumption in any form, Dyslipidemia, Hyperhomocysteinemia and Iron deficiency Anaemia (IDA). Current research aimed to study the risk factors associated with Retinal Venous Occlusive diseases and to study correlation of occurrence of lesions with these risk factors. Material and methods: This was a hospital based crosssectional study involving 60 cases diagnosed with Retinal Venous Occlusions who were further evaluated for the above mentioned risk factors. Results were evaluated by Unpaired t test, Fisher test, student 't' test and Chi-Square test. 'p' value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: BRVO (n=49), CRVO (n=11). Most common comorbidity was hypertension, which was found to be significant (p<0.05). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, tobacco in any form, iron deficiency anaemia were not found to be significant. Hyperhomocystemia was found to be significant (p<0.05) under 40 years of age and insignificant risk factor above 40 years. Presence of POAG with a duration of more than 5years was significant factor in CRVO but not in BRVO. Conclusion: Age and hypertension are significant risk factors for RVO. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant risk factor for RVO in patients below 40 years on age. POAG is a risk factor for development of CRVO. Presence of multiple risk factors increases the chances of development of RVO.
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