Due to its excellent safety, SLIT would be an optimal candidate for use in pediatric age groups, where the natural history of allergy can be to some extent modified. Nonetheless, formal and rigorous studies are needed to define its exact indication and dosage.

It is known that persistent respiratory problems in children due to low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for wheezing, pneumonia and could be a determining factor in the prevalence and severity of RW in infants. Research suggests that there are areas for improvement in the implementation of new educational strategies.

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BackgroundAcute urticaria is the presence of urticaria for <6 weeks, and it is the most common type of urticaria in children. Sometimes, it may be associated with anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition. Urticaria must be differentiated from anaphylaxis because the latter may require emergency treatment. We describe a child with anaphylaxis exposed to grasses on two occasions.Case presentationWe described a 4-year-old male child with anaphylaxis exposed to grasses. Patient also suffered mild neurologic/respiratory symptoms but it is unlikely that he had anaphylaxis. Skin-prick tests were positive to Cynodon dactylis, Phalaris arundinacea and Festuca elatior. Little is known about the importance of pollens as a cause of urticaria in young children.ConclusionsThe case reported here is particularly interesting because, to the best of our knowledge, anaphylaxis due to pollen exposure in children aged <4 years has not been reported before. We strongly encourage all physicians searching for the cause of acute urticaria (allergists, dermatologists, primary-care physicians) to consider the possibility of pollen allergy, and to screen these patients for pollen sensitization.

Nifios.Bs.As. The dopa decarboxylase enzime (Carbidopa; C ) by i n h i b i t i o n o f p e r i p h e r a l u t i l i z a t i o n o f L-Dopa (L.D) i n c r e a s e s t h e amount o f L.D a v a i l a b l e t o t h e b r a i n and t h e r e f o r e augments t h e GH respons e . This a s s o c i a t i o n has been p o s t u l a t e d a s another t e s t f o r (31 s e c r e t i o n . F i f t y one p a t i e n t s with s h o r t s t a t u r e o f non-endocrine e t h i o l o g y were studied. I n a l l o f them a4 s e c r e t i o n was stud i e d under I n s u l i n s t i m u l a t i o n (I; O .~~U / Q )and consecutively t o 25 o f them under L.D (125-500mg/Kg). I n 1 2 o f t h e 51 t h e L.D uas decreased t o 112.5 of t h e i n i t i a l dosage combined with carbidopa (L.D 1/2.5 + C; % X~C I I I~/ K~) and i n 14 p a t i e n t s t h e L.D was decreased t o 1/5 o f t h e i n i t i a l dosage p l u s C (L.D1/5 + C; 25-100mg/Kg). CH s e c r e t i o n was compared under t h e d i f f e r e n t k l s . CF i s one o f t h e most important c a u s e s of Ps.a. lung infect i o n i n c h i l d r e n , and t h e r e i s no much knowledge about the mechanisms involved i n t h e lung c l e a r a n c e of t h i s microorganism. The aim i f t h i s s t u d y was t o e v a l u a t e t h e Ps.a. lung c l e a r a n c e i n mice with c r i b r i f o r m degeneration, which have been i n d i c a t e d a s a p o s s i b l e animal model f o r CF. Male and female 15-150 days o l d mice o f t h e D~~/ z J -c r i inbred s t r a i n , genotypes c r i / c r i and +/? were submitted t o an i n f e c t i v e a e r o s o l containing Ps.a. Half of t h e animals were k i l l e d immediately and t h e o t h e r s 4 hs. a f t e r exposure, t h e l u n g s uere e x c i s e d , homogenized and c u l t u r e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y . Corr e l a t i o n between Ps.a. lung clearance and age was observed a s well a s an overlapping of t h e v a l u e s from both genotypes i n mice o f t h e same age. Fbrthermore, t h e young animals appear t o be more s u s c e p t i b l e t o Ps.a. i n f e c t i o n before weaning t h a n t h e a d u l t do. The r e s u l t s suggest t h e e x i s t e n c e of a slower maturation of a mechanisn involved i n t h e lung defense a g a i n s t Ps. a. i n f e c t i o n . 6m. t o 15y. witl. asthma and o t h e r a l e r g l c c o n d i t i o n s ass o c i a t e d (eczema) and compared t h e values t h u s obtained. The I@F: l e v e l s uere measured by R I A P r i s t method and t h e r e s u l t s e x p r e w s e d a s U/ml. The l e v e l s o f IgE obtained were compared with t h e r e p o r t e d values of Kjellmane t a l . i n 125 normal c h i l d r e n . I n group I 5 0 , 9 % o f t h e p a t i e n t s have IgE l e v e l s h i g h e r t h a n 2 S.D. above t h e normal mean (X + 2 S.D.); group 2 have IgE lev e l s h i g h e r t h a n i + 2 SD i n 7 8 , 2 % and group 3 have IgE l e v e l s h i g h e r than X + 2 SD i n 91,3 $. It is c l e a r t h a t IgE l e v e l s inc r e a s e d i n r e l a t i o n t o an augmented a t...

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Exercise-induced asthma (E.I.A) affects 12–16% of the general population and most of the patients affected by extrinsic or intrinsic asthma. Surprisingly, also a high percentage of professional and Olympic athletes are affected, showing that E.I.A. does not impair physical activity, whereas endurance sports bear a higher risk than the others. The mast cell role, late asthmatic responses, diagnosis, therapy, theories and data about immunological parameters in sports are taken into consideration in this review.

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