-The Seyfert galaxy NGC 1275 is the central, dominant galaxy in the Perseus cluster of galaxies. NGC1275 is known as a powerful source of radio and X-ray emission. The well-known extragalactic object NGC 1275 has been observed by the SHALON high-altitude mirror Cherenkov telescopes within the framework of long-term studies of metagalactic gamma-ray sources. In 1996, the SHALON observations revealed a new metagalactic source of very high energy gamma-ray emission coincident in its coordinates with the galaxy NGC 1275. Having analyzed the SHALON data, we have determined such characteristics of NGC 1275 as the spectral energy distributions and images at energies >800 GeV for the first time. The results obtained at high and very high energies are needed for understanding the emission generation processes in an entire wide energy range.
The new distant metagalactic γ-sources 1739+522 ( z = 1.375) and 3c454.3 ( z = 0.857) are detected at energies E > 0.8 TeV with the fluxes (0.53 ± 0.10) × 10-12 cm -2 s -1 and (0.43 ± 0.13) × 10-12 cm -2 s -1, respectively. The γ-ray spectra and fluxes of known blazars Mkn 421, Mkn 501 and distant flat-spectrum radio quasars 1739+522 and 3c454.3 are presented.
The experimental data obtained with Pamela, Fermi, AMS-02, and other spectrometers cannot be explained using the diffusive models of propagation of cosmic-rays accelerated at the supernova shocks and require the existence of nearby sources of cosmic rays at the distances less than 1 kpc. These sources could explain the growth of the ratio of galactic positrons to electrons with an increase of their energy, the complex dependence of the exponent of the proton and alpha spectra from the energy of these particles, the appearance of anomaly component in cosmic rays. We consider active dwarf stars as possible sources of galactic cosmic rays in the energy range up to ∼10 14 eV. These stars produce powerful stellar flares sometimes with energy release more than 10 36 erg. The generation of high-energy cosmic rays should be accompanied by high-energy gamma-ray emission, which may be detected. Here we present the SHALON long-term observation data aimed to search for gamma-ray emission above 800 GeV from the active red dwarf stars: V388 Cas, V547 Cas, V780 Tau, V962 Tau, V1589 Cyg, GJ 3684, GJ 1078, and GL 851.1. The TeV gamma-ray emission mostly of flaring type from these sources was detected. This result confirms that active dwarf stars are also the sources of high-energy galactic cosmic rays.
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