This article describes the methodology of signal processing in ultrasonic nondestructive testing of materials with structural heterogeneities. Reflections of probing signal from these heterogeneities entail appearance of a peculiar interference -a structural noise witb the same spectral composition as the probing signal. Therefore, it is hard to overcome these interferences. The article also discusses the methodology of recognising the signal on the background of structural noise in ultrasonic non-destructive testing using spatially dispersed transducers, focusing antennae, antennae with synthesised aperture, and the most efficient method -spatial-temporal signal processing, which suggests multichannel reception of probing signal combined with optimal signal filtration in each channel.
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