Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains from 13 states in the United States, Guatemala and Canada were used to compare the envelope glycoprotein gene (ORF 5) nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences. The gene was the same size, 603 nt, for all the 22 field strains. These strains had 89-94% amino acid identity compared to reference strain VR 2332. A putative signal sequence and cleavage site between residues 31 and 32 was identified and three potential glycosylation sites were present on all but two strains. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and surface probability analyses reveal a primary structure for the envelope glycoprotein (E protein) with six potential surface regions that could be antigenic sites. Similar E protein structural features are conserved for the prototype European PRRSV-Lelystad virus.
Previously, we showed that type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-␣/]) can inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in cell culture, and swine inoculated with 10 9 PFU of human adenovirus type 5 expressing porcine IFN-␣ (Ad5-pIFN-␣) were protected when challenged 1 day later. In this study, we found that type II pIFN (pIFN-␥) also has antiviral activity against FMDV in cell culture and that, in combination with pIFN-␣, it has a synergistic antiviral effect. We also observed that while each IFN alone induced a number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), the combination resulted in a synergistic induction of some ISGs. To extend these studies to susceptible animals, we inoculated groups of swine with a control Ad5,
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