Cigarette smoking is significantly associated with IVR in patients treated with RNU for UTUC. Current and heavy-long-term smokers have the highest risk of IVR. Smoking cessation for >10 years before RNU seems to mitigate these detrimental effects.

ObjectiveTo compare the perioperative, pathological and functional outcomes in two contemporary, large series of patients in different institutions and who underwent open partial nephrectomy (OPN) or robot-assisted PN (RAPN) for suspected renal tumours. Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicentre, international, matched-pair analysis comparing patients who underwent RAPN or OPN for suspected renal cell carcinoma.Data on patients who underwent OPN were extracted by an Italian observational registry collecting data from 19 different centres.Data on patients who received RAPN were extracted from a multicentre, international database collecting cases treated in four high-volume referral centres of robotic surgery.The matching was in a 1:1 ratio for the surgical approach and included 200 patients in each arm. ResultsThe mean warm ischaemia time was shorter in the OPN group than in the RAPN group, at a mean (SD) of 15.4 (5.9) vs 19.2 (7.3) min (P < 0.001).Conversely, the median (interquartile range) estimated blood loss was 150 (100-300) mL in the OPN group and 100 (50-150) mL in the RAPN group (P < 0.001).There were no differences in operating time (P = 0.18) and the intraoperative complication rate (P = 0.31) between the approaches.Postoperative complications were recorded in 43 (21.5%) patients who underwent OPN and in 28 (14%) who received RAPN (P = 0.02). Moreover, major complications (grade 3-4) were reported in nine (4.5%) patients after OPN and in nine (4.5%) after RAPN.Positive margins were detected in nine (5.5%) patients after OPN and in nine (5.7%) after RAPN (P = 0.98). The mean (SD) 3-month estimated glomerular filtration rate declined by 16.6 (18.1) mL/min from the preoperative value in the OPN group and by 16.4 (22.9) mL/min in the RAPN group (P = 0.28). ConclusionRAPN can achieve equivalent perioperative, early oncological and functional outcomes as OPN. Moreover, RAPN is a less invasive approach, offering a lower risk of bleeding and postoperative complications than OPN.

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