Best practices of farmers using modern digital technologies demonstrate high results achieved both in crop production and in animal husbandry. Efficiency is expressed in increasing the yield, labor productivity, reducing costs, and what is more, in preserving soil fertility and protecting the environment. However, the need to digitize managerial and analytical processes based on Big Data, Data Science implementation and the ability to interpret the obtained analytical material and make qualified decisions based on a scientific approach are often missed the memo. In light of this, the purpose of the study was to analyze the readiness of various company unit categories employed in the agro-industrial complex of Russia to use big data and process it. Based on the results obtained, a matrix for determining the potential for the transition of companies to the use and analytics of Big Data was built. According to the results of which, it can be argued that, on average, about 45% of the analyzed companies have a high potential for the transition to digital development, and an average level of potential is 24%. In the context of the categories of farms, the results for the surveyed agricultural cooperatives, traders and exporters are higher than the average indicators.
Relevance. According to Rosstat, for 2021 share of small agribusiness in the gross harvest of potatoes was 77.8%, vegetables — 71.6%, in production of raw milk — 43.8%, livestock and poultry (in live weight) — 21.9%. However, according to the 2021 census, compared to 2016, the number of small businesses in Russia decreased by an average of 25%. The number of agricultural organizations that are not small businesses increased by 26.3% over the specified period. In order to support small agribusiness, the authors have developed an economic model for calculating the profitability of business concepts for these categories of farms, aimed at automating the assessment of the effectiveness of doing business and investment.Methods. To build the concept of calculations, methods of comparative, statistical analysis, economic and mathematical approach were used. To implement the methodology for calculating the profitability, the basic algorithms of financial mathematics and the functions of the financial category built into the spreadsheet processor MS Excel were used.Results. The model allows to evaluate the cost of investments, credit funds; plan the number of staff; recalculate financial results taking into account the use of loans and subsidies; calculate taxes. In order to test the model, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of investing in dairy cattle breeding in the Chuvash Republic. The model was run 88 times to calculate the payback period for investments in the construction and launch of a dairy farm with a population of 250 head in the main herd with different productivity of cows and applied state support. According to the results of calculations, with an average and high productivity of cows (6500–9000 kg), taking into account the use of the main areas of subsidizing the industry available in the republic, the return on investment can come in 4 years.
Although cooperative movement in Russia has a pretty long history, achieving its proper functioning failed for a variety of reasons. With new support measures in place, namely, to establish a basic infrastructure - since 2015, to acquire assets and farm equipment, agro-processing equipment - since 2019, cooperatives in Russia geared to promoting small farms are expected to flare up. In this context, this paper reviews key statistical indicators of the current structural changes in agro-industry, as well as the health and contribution of small farms to the agricultural industry in general. This work aimed to identify preconditions for Russian farmers to form cooperatives. This is of the utmost importance since small farms produce nearly half of the country’s total agricultural output, own 37% of arable land, 56% of cattle, and ensure a quarter of employment. Through the research, a range of malpractices affecting the progress of small farms has been identified. They are dearth of modern technology, efficient staff, impossibility to invest in working capital, problems with marketing of produced goods, etc. Creating well-functioning agricultural cooperatives will address the above challenges today’s Russian farmers face.
Abstract. The purpose. The level of marketability of milk in the households of the population of some subjects of the Volga Federal District from 2011 to 2021 increased by more than 20 p. p. The leader in this rating was the Chuvash Republic with the marketability of milk in the households of the population in 2021 at the level of 77.5 %. In connection with the high involvement of the population in the organized market for the sale of milk, the authors developed an economic and mathematical model for calculating the level of efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the households of the population under various conditions and sizes of their management, and also adapted this model to calculate the efficiency of the farmers of the Chuvash Republic. Methods. The developed economic and mathematical model is built according to the structure of the economic model for automating the calculations of business concepts of small agribusiness, presented in an earlier work of the authors with adaptation to the activities of households. Scientific novelty. The work allows you to establish the most optimal options for dairy cattle breeding, depending on the objectives of management: optimization or expansion of production. Results. According to the results of the calculations, it was found that the most effective and stimulating for the development of management is the option of switching the agrarian to the payment of NAP and the use of state support provided for the self-employed. The larger the farm and the more investments the agrarian plans to make, the greater the return on state support will be. The amount of profitability in some cases exceeds 100 %. However, it is necessary to take into account the expediency of raising funds based on common sense, and not just in terms of mathematical calculations.
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