Settlement is the major problem that arises after the construction of a structure on a soil mass. Consolidation characteristics of soil such as coefficient of consolidation cv, compression index cc, recompression index cr, preconsolidation pressure σ′p play a major role in the settlement behavior of fine grained soil mass. cv represents the rate of consolidation of soil mass. cc and cr are essential in calculating settlement of normally and over consolidated clays respectively. σ′p is determined to find whether the clay is under, normally or over consolidated. These consolidation properties are obtained from graphical constructions after conducting several one dimensional consolidation-oedometer tests. Since this is time consuming, many correlations have been derived between consolidation properties and index properties of soil. Different researchers have used various soil parameters such as liquid limit (wL), plastic limit (wp), natural moisture content (wn), initial insitu void ratio (eo), dry unit weight (γd), plasticity index (Ip), void ratio at liquid limit (eL) etc., as correlative parameters for deriving the correlations. Hence, it is desirable to predict the value of cv, cc, cr and σ′p from the known correlations rather than conducting several tests, to ease the procedures.
In order to study the consolidation behavior, clay soil samples from 20 various locations of Tamil Nadu, India were collected and subjected to one dimensional consolidation tests. Coefficient of consolidation cv, coefficient of volume change mv, and coefficient of permeability k were plotted against consolidation pressure σ for all the soils. The results showed that the variation of cv with pressure σ is not constant for all the soils. It was observed that various soils have shown various trends. Hence, the trends obtained in the study were compared with the literature. From the study, it was found that the variations in the trends were due to mineralogical effects. The consolidation behavior of soil is found to be influenced by clay mineralogy. Similarly k-σ, mv-σ trends were also compared. The study shows that clay mineralogy has reasonable effects on the consolidation and permeability behavior of soil.
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