The long-term operation of rails has been studied with focus on (1) the formation and behavior of structural-phase states and nanoscale structures, (2) the modelling of the processes occurring in the surface layers of rails under severe plastic deformation and (3) the methods and techniques for assessing the structural and phase states of rails, internal stresses, and their evolution during the life cycle. The book references 264 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.

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Using the methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy, a quantitative evolution analysis of defective and carbide subsystems of medium-carbon steel with a bainite structure under a compression strain up to 36% has been performed. A quantitative analysis of carbon redistribution has been carried out, as well as the dependence established of the concentration of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice of-and-iron on structural defects in cementite particles lying in a number of bainite plates and intra-phase boundaries, and on the degree of deformation. It has been demonstrated that scalar dislocation density, material volume with deformation twins, a number of stress concentrators, the amplitude of crystal lattice curvature-torsion, the disorientation degree of fragments are increased with the growth of the degree of deformation and average longitudinal fragment sizes are decreased. The long-range stress fields have been estimated. The possible causes of the different stages of parameter changes of the carbide phase and dislocation substructure with deformation have been discussed. Strengthening mechanisms with the boundaries of the plates and fragments, scalar dislocation density, long-range stress fields, and cementite particles, the interstitial atoms have been estimated. It has been shown that the largest contribution to the amount of work hardening of the steel examined leads to substructural hardening (hardening due to long-range internal stress fields and structure fragmentation) and solid-solution hardening, due to the introduction of carbon atoms into the crystal lattice of the ferrite. It has been suggested that the cause of softening of steel with a bainite structure at high (over 15%) degrees of deformation is the activation of the process of deformation fine-scale twinning.

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Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет 2 Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН (г. Томск) 3 ОАО «ЕВРАЗ-Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат» ПОВЫШЕНИЕ УСТАЛОСТНОГО РЕСУРСА РЕЛЬСОВОЙ СТАЛИ ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ПУЧКОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКОЙ * Аннотация. Методами оптической и просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии исследованы структура, фазовый состав, морфология поверхностей облучения и усталостного разрушения рельсовой стали, обработанной высокоинтенсивным электронным пучком с плотностью энергии 10 и 20 Дж/см 2. Показано, что причиной увеличения (до 2,5 раз) числа циклов до разрушения рельсовой стали после облучения является формирование зубчатой границы раздела упрочненный слой-матрица. Ключевые слова: рельсовая сталь, структура, фазовый состав, электронно-пучковая обработка.