This paper reports on combining ability studies for yield and its component traits in diallel crosses involving ten ecogeographically and genetically diverse linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars in the F2 generation over three locations. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant at all three locations for all traits. Combined analysis over locations showed the same trend of significance. The ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares was significant for all the traits in individual location analysis as well as in combined analysis. This indicated the predominant role of additive gene effects in the inheritance of these characters. The GCA mean squares were several times larger than SCA mean squares for all the traits, indicating the presence of considerable magnitude of additive genetic variance and the additive x additive components of the epistatic variance. Consequently, effective selection should be possible within these F2 populations for all characters. Significant genotype-location and GCA-location interactions indicated that more than one test location is required to obtain reliable information. The inexpensive and reliable procedure used for making the choice of parents was the determination of breeding values of the parents on the relative performance of their F2 progeny bulks.

SummaryA field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years during 2009-10 and 2010-11to study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on soybean (Glycine max L.) at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.) on Vertisol (Typic Hapluster) deficient in phosphorus and sulphur. The treatments consisted of four levels of sulphur (S 0 , S 20 , S 40 and S 60 kg ha -1 ) and four levels of phosphorus (P 0 , P 30 , P 60 and P 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) applied through elemental sulphur and DAP, respectively. Results revealed that due to increase in the phosphorus and sulphur levels, there was effective improvement in nodulation, fresh weight of nodules plant -1 and growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area, root length, root dry weight plant -1 and number of pods plant -1 at various growth stages of soybean. The yield i.e. grain, straw and total biological yield of soybean increased significantly with increasing levels of both phosphorus and sulphur. Further, synergistic effect of phosphorus and sulphur interactions on straw and total biological yield was highest at 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 60 kg S ha -1 followed by 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 40 kg S ha -1 , 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 20 kg S ha -1 and 60 kg P 2 O 5 + 60 kg S ha -1 in straw yield and 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 with 60 or 40 kg S ha -1 produced significantly higher yield over S application with 30 and 0 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 in total biological yield.Key words : Phosphorus, Sulphur, Soybean, Yield, NodulationHow to cite this article : Dhage, Shubhangi J., Patil, V.D. and Dhamak, A.L. (2014). Influence of phosphorus and sulphur levels on nodulation, growth parameters and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) grown on Vertisol. Asian J. Soil Sci., 9(2): 244-249.

Introduction: Dentistry is a demanding profession requiring focus, accuracy, and skills. However, with scientific advances, various new advances and types of equipment have developed enhancing the general dental care. It has been reported that chairs intended for right-handed users result in manual uneasiness or discomfort for left-handed dentists. This might constrain the left handers to adjust, thereby leading to decrease in their performance with increased perception of inconvenience.

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The efficiency of early generation selection for yield and related characters in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was studied in the F2, F3 and F4 generations. Twenty-five F2 progenies derived from various crosses were studied. In the F2 generation, number of capitula per plant (CNSP), number of seeds per capitulum (SPSP), test weight (SWSP), and seed yield (SYSP) were the criteria used for single plant selection. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all of the characters in the F2, F3, and F4 generations. The analysis of variance in each of the selection classes showed highly significant genotypic differences. A large number of selections in the CNSP and SYSP classes showed greater yield than the check variety. In each class the mean for that particular character showed a positive shift. The observed F3 and F4 means for seed yield per plant was higher in SYSP, indicating the effectiveness of single plant selection for yield. Correlated response showed that selection for number of capitula per plant was effective for improvement of yield.

A field experiments were conducted to study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on yield, fractions of P and S and nitrate reductase activity of soil after harvest of soybean at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, MKV, Parbhani (M.S.). The treatment consisted of four levels P (P 0 , P 30 , P 60 and P 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1) and four levels of S (S 0 , S 20 , S 40 and S 60 kg ha-1) applied through DAP and elemental sulphur. Result indicated that grain and straw yield, Leghaemoglobin content from root nodules at 30 DAS and nitrate reductage activity of soil after harvest of soybean increased with increase in rate of application of P and S. The applied S and P increased the P and S fractions over control.

The paper highlightsthe different feed formulation software’s for least cost formulation of livestock and animals, where the comparison of techniques is donebased on different aspectslike data collection, software used, price, scope and limitations. Feed formulation requires large amount of data about the composition of feeds, environment conditions,and availability of feeds.Development of Software’sfor feed formulations is changing with change in computer.  With advancement of technology, the feed formulation can be calculated for ‘n’ number of feed stuff but still Linear Programming is used as base for mathematical  modelling, where uses of non-linear programming is very less. Maximum number of feed formulation software’s is developed to select the feeds for formulation within budget of the farmers or dairy industry.

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