We present a high-resolution reference map for soluble proteins obtained from Corynebacterium glutamicum cells grown in glucose minimal medium. The analysis window covers the pl range from 4-6 and the molecular mass range from 5-100 kDa. Using overlapping narrow immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing, 970 protein spots were detected after second-dimensional separation on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and colloidal Coomassie-staining. By tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting 169 protein spots were identified, representing 152 different proteins including many enzymes involved in central metabolism (18), amino acid biosynthesis (24) and nucleotide biosynthesis (11). Thirty-five of the identified proteins have no known function. A comparison of the observed and the expected physicochemical properties of the identified proteins indicated that nine proteins were covalently modified, since variants with apparently identical molecular mass, but differing pl were detected. The N-termini of eight proteins were determined by post-source decay (PSD) analysis of selected peptides. In addition to the soluble proteins, a map of the membrane-bound proteins within the pl range 4-7 is presented, which contains 660 protein spots, 22 of which were identified, representing 13 different proteins.
A bioleaching process to extract rare-earth elements (REE) from fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts was optimized using a heterotrophic bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans to produce organic acids from glucose. Parameters optimized included agitation intensity, oxygen levels, glucose concentrations, and nutrient additions. Biolixiviants from the optimized batch process demonstrated REE leaching efficiencies up to 56%. A continuous bioreactor system was subsequently developed to feed a leach process and demonstrated leaching efficiencies of 51%. A techno-economic analysis showed glucose to be the single largest expense for the bioleach process, constituting 44% of the total cost. The bioleaching plant described here was found profitable, although the margin was small. Lower cost carbon and energy sources for producing the biolixiviant, sourcing FCC catalysts with higher total REE content (>1.5% by mass), and improved leaching efficiencies would significantly increase the overall profit. A life cycle analysis showed that electricity and glucose required for the bioreactor had the largest potential for environmental impacts.
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