RESUMO:Antibióticos são substâncias químicas antimicrobianas que tem a finalidade de inibir o crescimento de microrganismos ou destruí-los. As polimixinas são antimicrobianos empregados no tratamento de infecções causadas por bacilos Gram-negativos, atuando na desestabilização da membrana externa bacteriana e causando a sua morte. O uso desse fármaco reemergiu nos últimos anos devido ao número crescente de microrganismos multirresistentes às classes de antimicrobianos comumente empregados, sendo a última escolha no tratamento de cepas resistentes. Entretanto, estudos realizados em todo mundo já relataram resistência às polimixinas, principalmente na América Latina e Ásia, evidenciando um problema de saúde pública mundial. Palavras-chave: Polimixinas, Resistência Bacteriana, Bactérias Gram-negativas. ABSTRACT:Antibiotics are antimicrobial chemical substances that have the purpose of inhibiting the growth of microrganisms or destroy them. The polymyxins are antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli, acting in the destabilization of the bacterial outer membrane and causing its death. The use of this drug has reemerged in recent years due to the increasing number of multiresistant microrganisms to classes of antimicrobials commonly used, being the last choice in the treatment of resistant strains. However, worldwide researches have already reported resistance to the polymyxins, mainly in Latin America and Asia, indicating a global public health problem.
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