At the present time there are experimentally justified and reliable methods wMch permit indicating, with assurance, under which hydraulic regimens cavitation may develop in any element of a spillway structure, or on any rough surface of such a structure. However, the available data indicate also that, frequently, for structures operating under heads of 40-50 m or greater, the complete elimination of cavitation is practically impossible or requires the application of complex engineering measures. For this reason it would be desirable to allow a certain degree of cavitation, provided the resulting destruction is not excessive and is acceptable from the standpoint of reliable operation of the structure over a sufficiently long period. The possibility of such a solution is confirmed by the operating experience with many structures which have operated reliably despite cavitation phenomena. However, the cases in which inadmissible and catastrophic destruction of isolated elements of hydraulic structures has taken place under cavitation [1] were in the past always used as specific warnings against such an approach.The present state of research on the problem of the mechanism of cavitation erosion of materials and on the processes which determine its development is not sufficient for making quantitative predictions of the extent of cavitation destruction, especially for the cavitation stages corresponding to a very intense erosion.The tests performed indicate that it is possible to establish the form and stages of the cavitation phenomenon for which the erosive action is either very small or practically does not take place over a sufficiently long period of operation of the structure. For hydraulic structures the most characteristic feature is the development of the so-called "separation" forms of cavitation, which take place when the water flows around different projections,
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