All earthquakes felt in 2014 on the territory of Moldova occurred outside its borders, in the Vrancea and Pre-Carpathian regions (Romania). In 2014, the population of Moldova felt 13 earthquakes. The article discusses in detail the most powerful events, occurred on March 29, September 6, and November 22. The March 29 earthquake, Mw=4.7, hрР=136 km was felt in the eastern and southern counties of Romania (in 41 settlements), in the Odessa region of Ukraine, and also in the central and southern regions of the Republic of Moldova (22 points). The epicenter was situated in a bend of the Vrancea mountains. The earthquake on Sep-tember 10, Mw=4.5, hрР=108 km was felt in the eastern and southern counties of Romania (in 27 settlements), in the central and southern parts of Moldova (22 points), in the north of Bulgaria and in the Odessa region of Ukraine. Both earthquakes, March 29 and September 10, occurred under the action of prevailing near-horizontal compressive stress. The November 22 earthquake, Mw=5.8, hрР=37 km occurred in the southwestern part of Romania and turned out to be the most significant crust event for the instrumental observation period. Movement in the source occurred under the action of tensile stresses. Earthquakes in this zone continued until January 19, 2015. The largest aftershock was on December 7 with МwMED=4.4. Foci are associated with the activation of the Peceneaga-Camena fault. The main shock was felt in Romania (in 66 settlements) and neighboring countries: Bulgaria, Moldova (23 settlements), Ukraine (18 settlements). The isoseismal maps were constructed for all three earthquakes considered in detail in this work. The intensity at the epicenter of the November 22 earthquake reached I0=6, for other two events I0=5.
All earthquakes felt in 2016–2017 on the territory of Moldova occurred outside its borders, in the Vrancea region (Romania), with intermediate depths in the range hрР = 95–135 km. In 2016, the population of Moldova felt 2 earthquakes: September 23th with Mw=5.7, hрР=95 km and December 27th with Mw=5.6, hрР=100 km. For them, data on quakes in 113 and 150 localities, respectively, were collected, according to which isoseismal maps were made. The earthquake of September 23, 2016 was most evident in the eastern and southern parts of Romania. But it was also felt in the north of Bulgaria, in Moldova and the south-west of Ukraine, in Serbia and Macedonia. The echoes of the earthquake reached Istanbul in the south, Tirana in the west, Gomel in the north and Mariupol in the east from the epicenter. The maximum intensity of 6 points on the Mercalli scale was noted in Buzau. The earthquake of December 27, 2016 was most evident in the eastern and southern parts of Romania, as well as in northern Bulgaria, Moldova, southwestern Ukraine and Serbia. The maximum intensity of I=5 on the Mercalli scale was noted in Vanatori. In 2017, the population of Moldova felt 4 earthquakes: February 8th, May 19th, August 1st and 2nd. The earthquake on February 2nd with Mw=4.5 and hрР=126 km manifested itself in Romania and in the Republic of Moldova with an intensity of I=2–3. The earthquake on May 19 with Mw=4.3 and hрР=124 km was felt in the eastern and southern counties of Romania (in 6 localities), in the central and southern regions of the Republic of Moldova. Tremors from the August 1st earthquake with Mw=4.3 and hрР=107 km were felt in the eastern and southern counties of Romania, as well as in the central and southern regions of Moldova (Cahul and Chisinau, I=2–3). The earthquake on August 2nd with Mw=4.9 and hрР=135 km was felt in the eastern and southern counties of Romania, in Cahul with an intensity I=3 and in Chisinau – I=2. The solutions of the focal mechanism given in the article indicate that all the considered earthquakes occurred under the influence of the prevailing compression close to horizontal. It is noted that the value of the total seismic energy released in 2016 in the focal area of Vrancea is the maximum annual energy for this area in the 21st century.
Определение параметров исторических землетрясений по макросейсмическим данным © 2020 г. В.Ю. Карданец ИГС, г. Кишинёв, Республика Молдова Аннотация. Делается попытка определить основные параметры исторических землетрясений Карпатского региона на основе макросейсмических данных с использованием уравнения макросейсмического поля, косвенных параметров и с помощью комплексного сравнения с современными землетрясениями. Основным источником сведений о параметрах исторических землетрясений Карпатского региона до сих пор служил «Новый каталог сильных землетрясений на территории СССР с древнейших времён до 1975 г.». В этом каталоге все параметры определены очень приблизительно, с широким диапазоном значений. К тому же за сорокалетний период с момента выхода каталога исходные макросейсмические данные о землетрясениях Карпатского региона существенно пополнились и были заново оценены по макросейсмической шкале MSK-64. В исследовании определялись такие основные параметры исторических землетрясений, как макросейсмический эпицентр, интенсивность в эпицентре, глубина очага, магнитуда, а также дополнительные параметры: направление максимального макросейсмического эффекта, площадь зон интенсивности, расстояние и азимут до крайнего пункта ощутимости. Вычисление параметров землетрясений производилось по формуле затухания макросейсмического поля с коэффициентами, полученными Р.З. Буртиевым для промежуточных землетрясений зоны Вранча Карпатского региона, отдельно в четырёх азимутальных створах. Для коровых землетрясений использовалось общее уравнение макросейсмического поля Блэйка-Шебалина. Несмотря на возможные погрешности, связанные с правильной оценкой интенсивности в пунктах наблюдения, а также точностью коэффициентов уравнения макросейсмического поля в применении для конкретных сейсмических событий, удалось определить тип каждого исторического землетрясения и получить более точные значения их параметров. Уточнённые параметры исторических землетрясений позволят составить более целостную картину сейсмической опасности Карпатского региона. Ключевые слова: параметры землетрясений, макросейсмическое поле, затухание интенсивности, Карпатский сейсмический регион. Для цитирования: Карданец В.Ю. Определение параметров исторических землетрясений по макросейсмическим данным // Российский сейсмологический журнал. -2020. -Т. 2, № 1. -C. 62-75.
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