High incidence of external genital abnormalities in school aged boys suggests a need for further education of physicians in primary health care services as well as of parents.
Diagnosis of ureteral duplication requires detailed imaging. Treatment of symptomatic abnormalities should be individual, regardless of the applied treatment (conservative or operative).
Although PSARP offers a good esthetic result, only two third of patients have voluntary bowel movements and in about half there exists a problem with constipation, with necessary further treatment.
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