The five different bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Pyricularia oryzae at four and eight days after incubation through dual culture technique. Among the five different bio-agents, highest per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of fungus was recorded in T. virens i.e. 67 per cent and 70 percent after four and eight days after incubation respectively with mean of 68.5 per cent followed by Trichoderma viride with the inhibition of 61 and 63 per cent respectively with mean of 62 per cent. The Pseudomonas fluorescens did not show any inhibition of mycelial growth of P. oryzae as the pathogen over grew the bio-agents.
Surface morphology of conidia of Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst., its germination, penetration of hyphal branches and the infection process on mulberry leaf are described, under scanning electron microscope. Surface pf the clavate. hyaline conidium is ornamented with evenly distributed spine‐like protrusions. The conidia germinate 4 h after inoculation, producing a single germ tube mostly from a little behind the distal end of the conidium. The hyphae soon produce special branches. stomatopodia. which enter the leaf through stomata. The stomatopodia are produced singly or in pairs, and one or two stomatopodia enter in a stoma. The branched superficial hyphae forms a mycelial mass within 72 h after inoculation. The disease becomes apparent at conidial stage. The conidiophores were straight at early stages, but appeared spirally coiled when the conidia were mature. which may aid for conidial detachment.
Zusammenfassung
Penetration und Infektionsverlauf von Phyllactinia corylea, Erreger des Echten Mehltaus der Maulbeere, auf Maulbeerblättern (I. Ungeschlechtliches Stadium)
Beschrieben werden die Morphologie der Oberfläche von Konidien des Pilzes Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst. sowie ihre Keimung. die Penetration von Hyphen in die Maulbeerblätter und der anschließende Infektionsverlauf. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Die Oberflächen der keulenförmigen. hyalinen Konidien sind gleichmäßig mit dornenähnlichen Ausslülpungen besetzt. Die Konidien keimen 4 h nach der Inokulation und bilden kurz hinter ihrem distalen Ende einen unverzweigten Keimschlauch. Nach kurzer Zeit bilden die Hyphen besondere Verzweigungen (Stomatopodien). welche durch die Stomata in die Blätter eindringen. Die Stomatopodien werden einzeln oder in Paaren gebildet, und jeweils ein oder zwei Stomatopodien treten in ein Stoma ein. Die verzweigten Hyphen an der Oberfläche bilden innerhalb von 72 h nach der Inokulation ein dichtes Myzel. Die krankheit wird im Konidienstadium bemerkbar. Die Konidiophoren sind zunächst gerade. zur Zeit der Konidienreife jedoch spiralig gewunden, was die Ablösung der Konidien erleichtern könnte.
Mulberry (Morus spp.) leaf quality has a great role in silkworm rearing which in turn affects the overall silk yield. In the recent past, many varieties of mulberry have been evolved considering the morphological characters, growth, yield, and quality parameters based on bioassay. The present investigation was carried out on ten promising mulberry 8enotypes viz. Tr-10, 1(-2, 5-36, S-54, S-1, V-l, Mysore local, S-13, S-34, and RFS-135 to characterize stomatal size and frequency, trichomes and idioblasts using SEM. These new parameters will provide useful information for cultivars identification as well as for selecting mulberry genotypes adapted to different eco-dimatic conditions and assessing the feeding quality of leaf for silkworm rearin~
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