This study presents an investigation into the desorption process of pesticides, namely benalaxyl, atrazine, dimethoate, and methomyl, from aqueous solutions in natural Brari clay (Tirana) located at 41°21′14.49″ N and 19° 50′17.74″ E and Dardha clay (Korça) located at 40°31′16.59″ N and 20°49′33.69″ E. The desorption process was fast, where in the first 2 hours of contact, 99.1% of atrazine was desorbed from Brari clay, and 90.1% of atrazine was desorbed from Dardha clay. In addition, in the first 2 hours of contact, 80.3% of benalaxyl was desorbed from pear clay and 79.2% of benalaxyl from Brari clay; 96.2% of methomyl and 81.2% of dimethoate were desorbed. According to the acquired curves, the desorption process began with the dominance of methomyl from Brari clay, followed by dimethoate from Brari clay, dimethoate from Dardha clay, atrazine from Brari clay, benalaxyl from Brari clay, benalaxyl from Dardha clay, and lastly atrazine from Dardha clay. Hence, compared to Dardha clay, less pesticide underwent desorption with Brari clay. Researchers immediately wondered how long (time) these pesticides would remain in the corresponding clays following the adsorption process, so the study of the kinetics of the desorption of pesticides from clay is of special interest. The kinetics of the pesticides atrazine, benalaxyl, dimethoate, and methomyl (all at a concentration of 25 mg/L) desorbing from natural Brari and Dardha clays are presented here.
Natural conditions in Kosovo, especially in some regions, are very favorable for apple cultivation, although climate change in recent years is making this product more and more challenging.In recent years, the cultivation and production of apple is declined due to abiotic stresses associated with climate change. Environmental factors are more influential on growth and quality of fruits. They are mainly responsible for abiotic stresses (heat, cold, salinity and drought) induced to the plants, and affect
2017). These minerals have a platy morphology due to the arrangement of their atoms in their structure. Clay minerals may be divided into three groups according to their sheet arrangements: 1:1, 2:1, and 2:1:1 (Massaro et al. 2018). The most researched clays are kaolin and bentonite, which have 2:1 and 1:1 structural ratios, respectively. These clays' structures and their chemical composition, granulometric distribution, swelling capacity, morphology, plasticity, resistance, and cation-exchange capacity may all be used to characterize the engineering features being sought. In this sense, the clay's purity level is a crucial characteristic for various applications. On the other hand, clay's mineralogical standard makes it more useful for a certain purpose (Silva-Valenzuela et al. 2013). Chin C L used a field emission scanning electron microscope to do a chemical analysis utilizing a multidispersive X-ray fluorescence approach as well as more in-depth analyses employing grain size distribution, dilatometry, and microstructure study of clay shape before and after burning
The objective of the study was evaluation of the impact of combinations of substrates and volume modules on some morphological parameters of pepper seedling. The experiment was conducted in 2011 in Shtime, Kosovo. Seeds were planted in polisterol modules with volume combinations as follows: 75 ml volumes; 55 ml and 25 ml. For each variation of the volume of these modules were used combinations of substrates: peat 100%; peat 75% + vermiculite 25%; peat 50% + vermiculite 50%; peat 25% + vermiculite 75%: peat 25% + vermiculite 25% + vermicompost 50%. For the planting were used hybrid pepper seeds of "Bounty F1" of Seminis Company. The experiment was set on randomized block scheme in three repetitions. During the experiment the following properties were evaluated: plant height (cm), root length (cm), stem diameter (mm) and leaf area (cm2). According to the derived results, in the seedling stage of the pepper maturity (age 50 days), the volume of modules and combination of substrates have had significant impact on the development of vegetative parameters. The best combination has proved to be with the following module combinations turf 100% and combination peat 25% + vermiculite 25% + vermicompost 50% and volume 75%.
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