In recent times, new anti-adhesion devices including devices based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which have “barrier” effect are being developed and actively introduced into surgical practice. The “barrier” should be completely resorbed after the time required to healing the morphofunctional integrity of the injured peritoneum, be economically available and easy to use (including laparoscopic technologies). But the time when the CMC is in the body is insufficient to prevent the formation of adhesions, particularly in the presence of non-absorbable rigid implants. The reactive functional groups in CMC allow to transform the CMC-macromolecule into a spatial structure. For this are required the using of bifunctional (bicarboxylic or aminocarboxylic) acids and the transform of a part of the carboxyl groups from the Na-form to the hardly soluble H-form, i.e., it is necessary to crosslink CMC-macromolecules. Adipic acid and glutaric acid, aminoacetic acid and amino capronic acid used are linking agents. The influence of modification parameters on the degree of polymers swelling in water is studied. As a result, to obtain membranes designed for the treatment of adhesive disease, it is recommended to use additives in CMC of bifunctional compounds.
The study of the types and properties of surgical threads, as well as the experience in the production of suture surgical material and its use shows that the most promising for surgical practice are threads with antimicrobial properties. Of the methods for fixing medicinal compounds with chemical bonds for suture materials, the most expedient is their attachment by the reaction of ion-exchange interaction. Since polycaproamide (PCA) practically does not contain functional groups, a preliminary modification stage is required to impart ion-exchange properties to PCA fibrous materials. One of these stages of modification is the process of graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) in order to create active groups on the fiber, for example, peroxide or hydroperoxide. Modification of chemical fibers by graft copolymerization with inogenic monomers is one of the widespread methods of obtaining fibrous ion exchangers. Principles, new approaches and technologies for imparting ion-exchange properties to fibrous polycaproamide materials by chemically initiated graft copolymerization have been developed. Regularities in the production of fibrous PCA of sorption active materials by chemical initiation by a redox system (Fe2++H2O2) located in a modifying bath, as well as by pre-oxidation of fiber PCA in order to create peroxide and hydroperoxide groups on the fiber, are revealed.
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