Objective. To determine the possibility of using automatic plasmapheresis in patients with COVID-19- associated bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. Methods. The treatment of three patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia with application of the Autopheresis-C™ automatic plasmapheresis machine (the USA) has been analyzed. The patients’ age was 47. 49 and 55 years. The patients’ case histories included factors aggravating the course of pneumonia (diabetes mellitus, chronic cardiovascular pathology with heart failure, obesity). The condition of all patients was severe. The effectiveness estimation of the given technique was carried out 6 hours after the manipulation and included a general clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, hemodynamic parameters, and objective data. Results. After the first application of automatic plasmapheresis, all patients occurred a decrease in temperature and the level of respiratory failure, which was accompanied by an increase in hemoglobin saturation; a decrease in the severity of dyspnea was also reported, which was the reason for the changing patient position from prone to supine. All patients had a blood pressure reduction. Positive changes in the hemodynamic situation were the basis for reducing the dosage of antihypertensive drugs. Along with this, in the course of manipulation, a gradual decrease in the severity of tachycardia was noted in all patients: a reduction of heart rate was recorded. On the second day after the manipulation, the main blood parameters (leukocytosis, c-reactive protein) decreased. The observed positive effects contributed to the early transfer (by 10-15 days) of patients from the intensive care unit to the general somatic departments. Conclusion. The early inclusion of automatic plasmapheresis in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19- associated bilateral polysegmental pneumonia leads to the stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, decline of the severity of respiratory failure, which made it possible to avoid the mechanical ventilation. What this paper adds For the first time, the clinical effectiveness of the method of automatic plasmapheresis in the framework of the complex therapy of COVID-19- associated polysegmental pneumonia is shown, which is expressed in a decrease in the manifestations of functional and metabolic disorders of vital systems for maintaining homeostasis. It was found that the inclusion of this technology in the complex therapy contributed to the stabilization of respiratory and hemodynamic parameters, which made it possible to avoid the mechanical ventilation.
In spite of a high informative value, spiral computed tomography is currently an additional optional examination and it is not included in domestic and foreign preoperative examination protocols. Purpose – assessing the feasibility of spiral computed tomography in the complex of presurgery examination of patients with ventral hernias. Materials and methods. The paper deals with analyzing the diagnostic findings of 35 patients with ventral hernias treated at Surgery Department of Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council “Regional Clinical Hospital” during 2018–2019 period. All patients were operated on after compulsory and additional examinations according to the existing guidelines. Spiral computed tomography was an additional examination for all patients. The frequency of symptoms detected by means of computed tomography and confirmed during surgery was analyzed. Results. Most of the signs revealed during tomography and associated with the combined abdominal pathology, were completely confirmed by laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Spiral computed tomography was of particular value in patients clinically diagnosed with chronic appendicitis. When assessing the ventral hernia, it was possible not only to clearly determine its content and location towards the abdominal line, but also, before surgery, to calculate the width and length of the hernia gate and the volume of the organs in hernia sac. Unlike ultrasonography, computed tomography makes it possible to thoroughly evaluate the dimensions of the hernia gate and the state of the muscular aponeurotic layer of the anterior abdominal wall. Not least important is diagnosing the combined abdominal pathology, including the oncological one, which has no clinical manifestations but still has to be exposed to surgery. Conclusions. In the complex of preoperative examination of patients with ventral hernias, spiral computed tomography provides useful information on the anatomical features of ventral hernia and the combined abdominal pathology that requires surgical intervention. These data aid in planning a favorable type of hernioplasty of ventral hernia and simultaneous surgery. Spiral computed tomography is recommended to be added to the standard protocol of presurgery examination of patients with ventral hernias.
Objective. To determine the possible triggering mechanism for the development and manifestation of acute suppurative cholangitis based on the study of the rheological, physical and chemical properties of bile. Methods. The bile of choledoch was studied inpatients (n=41) with calculous obstruction of the biliary tract, 25 of them had clinical picture of cholangitis. For comparison, 32 patients with asymptomatic choledocholithiasis were examined. Bile sampling was performed in each patient twice: the first bile intake was obtained during duodenoscopy and cannulation of the major papilla of the duodenum and endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and the second portion - during a follow-up examination three days after the endoscopic papillotomy. The biliary pH, viscosity, the amount of solids in it, the concentration of primary bile acids, microbial contamination and the intraductal pressure were studied. Results. For the first time, it has been hypothesized that a reduced concentration of bile acids in the bile causes a subsequent chain of triggering and manifestation of acute cholangitis. In the first bile intake the concentration of bile acids is three fold decreased in patients with acute cholangitis in comparison with the patients of control group, and in the second case it reliable increased but was lower than in the control group. It was a small amount of bile acids caused sedimentation of a colloidal bile solution, increased its viscosity and amount of dry sediment, caused precipitation and sludge. This chain process caused the instantaneous inclusion of concretion in sludge and acute obstruction of the choledoch. As a result of bacterial contamination, the microbial dissemination of bile increases by 10<sup>3</sup>-10<sup>4</sup> times, the choledoch becomes like an abscess. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy breaks this chain and surgical management is the definitive mode of treatment for decompression and biliary track sanitation. Conclusion. A decrease of bile acids in the content of the bile causes a chain process of sedimentation, the formation of sludge and a complete block of the choledoch, which is the primary trigger for cholangitis. What this paper adds Scientific and theoretical principles which in their essencedetermine the possible mechanism of the development of cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis have been developed. The physicochemical properties of bile play a decisive role in the triggering mechanism of cholangitis. Reduction of the synthesis of bile acids in the liver or their resorption in the intestine starts an avalanche-like process of sedimentation in the micellar solution of bile in the choledoch, sludge with the stones appears, the pH decreases, intraductal pressure rises, as a result of bacterial infection microbial contamination the microbal dissemination increases by 10<sup>3</sup>-10<sup>4</sup> fold.
The articles published under CC BY NC-ND license Цель. Усовершенствовать хирургическое лечение пациентов с холангиогенными абсцессами печени при помощи внедрения миниинвазивных технологий.Материал и методы. В представленном исследовании приведены результаты лечения 49 пациентов с абсцессами печени билиарной этиологии. Среди них были 31 женщина и 18 мужчин в возрасте от 37 до 69 лет. Хирургические вмешательства по поводу печеночных абсцессов проводились одновременно с устранением первичного патологического процесса желчевыводящей системы, который стал причиной возникновения холангита, или в ближайшее время (до 3 суток) после дренирования желчевыводящих путей.Результаты. Дренирование под ультразвуковым контролем выполнено 21 пациенту с одиночными и 7 пациентам с двумя и большим количеством холангиогенных абсцессов печени. Одновременно и абсцесс печени, и желчный проток дренированы 8 пациентам в условиях рентгенологической операционной. Лапароскопические вмешательства проведены 21 пациенту.Среди пациентов, оперированных с применением миниинвазивных технологий, возникло 7 осложнений (14,3%): у 2 пациентов -желчеистечение, у 1 -правосторонний гидроторакс, у 1 -правосторонняя эмпиема плевры, у 1 -нагноение послеоперационной раны и у 2 остались конкременты в общем желчном протоке. Умер 1 пациент (2,0%) вследствие развития сепсиса при обструкции желчных путей злокачественной этиологии.Заключение. Чрескожное дренирование абсцессов печени под ультразвуковым контролем целесообразно проводить не только при одиночных абсцессах, но и при их большем количестве. Доказана возможность одновременного дренирования абсцесса печени и желчного протока. Чрескожное дренирование абсцесса печени, дренирование желчевыводящих путей и лапароскопическое хирургическое вмешательство являются взаимодополняющими составными компонентами миниинвазивного хирургического вмешательства при лечении абсцессов печени билиарного происхождения. При локализации абсцессов в краевых сегментах печени наиболее целесообразна лапароскопическая атипичная резекция печени с абсцессом.Ключевые слова: абсцесс печени, холангит, миниинвазивные процедуры, билиарное дренирование, дренирование абсцесса печени Objective. To improve surgical treatment of patients with the liver cholangiogenic abscesses of liver through the introduction of minimally invasive technologies.Methods. In the proposed study the treatment results of 49 patients with biliary liver abscesses are presented. There were 31 women and 18 men aged 37 to 69 years. Surgical interventions for hepatic abscesses were performed simultaneously with the elimination of the primary pathological process of the biliary system, which caused the occurrence of cholangitis or in the near future (up to 3 days) after biliary drainage.Results. Drainage under ultrasound guidance was performed in 21 patients with single and 7 patients with two or more cholangiogenic liver abscesses. At the same time, liver abscess and bile duct were drained in 8 patients in the x-ray operating room. Laparoscopic interventions were performed in 21...
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