Using the example of the process of obtaining semi‑finished components of knee joint endoprostheses, the stages of obtaining a complex profile forging are demonstrated. A comparative analysis of obtaining the same product from different alloys is given. The methodology is given and the results of determining the energy‑power parameters of hot volumetric stamping of hard‑to‑form VT1–0 and Co‑Cr‑Mo alloys are presented. A typical scheme of the technological process of manufacturing forgings with an elongated axis and significant thickness differences characteristic of endoprostheses is determined.
The features of the editing technology, possible defects of sheet metal and piece blanks of complex configuration are presented. The main schemes and designs of sheet‑straightening machines are considered, as well as the main directions of improvement of LSM designs and editing technologies are highlighted. The analysis of the process of roll straightening is presented taking into account the phenomena occurring in a metal undergoing alternating loading with decreasing amplitude (interaction of elastic and plastic deformation, Bauschinger effect, etc.). The parabolic dependence of the residual curvature on the yield strength is noted. The obtained data were used in the design of the roll straightening complex and the technology of straightening sheet blanks of complex configuration.
The article proposes and theoretically justifies a method for bending high-strength steels with compression. The technology allows to get parts from high-strength steels without cracks along the bending line. In the case of bending according to the proposed method, the deformation is carried out by the combined action of longitudinal and lateral forces. Equitations are derived showing the stress distribution over the cross section in the deformation zone. The article proposes and theoretically justifies a method for bending high-strength steels with compression. The technology allows you to get parts from high-strength steels without cracks along the bending line. In the case of bending according to the proposed method, the deformation is carried out by the action of longitudinal and transverse forces. Equitations were derived for finding the longitudinal compressive force at which the neutral layer in the workpiece moves to the outer surface based on the equations of stress distribution. Equitations are derived for finding the moment created by the longitudinal compressive force, as well as the moment formed by the action of compressive stresses, which made it possible to derive the equation for the external bending moment during bending with compression. Equitation is derived for finding the shoulder of the force action creating an external bending moment. Equitation is derived for finding the force of the punch for bending with compression.
The use of variable profiles in engineering is the most effective way to reduce metal consumption and improve performance, increase the lifetime, reliability of machines and mechanisms, and reduce costs for their production, repair and operation. The purpose of the present work is to systematize the blanks of machine-building industries obtained by methods of plastic deformation and to develop general principes of the con cept of creating single-stage rolling mills on the basis of analysis of their design and operation. Three main classes of profiles are distinguished, differing in the type of the initial workpiece: strip, shaped and tube periodic billets. All these types of blanks can be used as semi-finished products for the production of the main parts of suspension and chassis of cars. Strip billets are widely used for the manufacturing of elastic suspension elements, tubular – for manufacturing of hollow body parts with increased requirements for strength and rigidity, in particular, driving axle housing, semi-axles of cars and trailers, jet engine casings. Shaped periodic profiles of various shapes are used as blanks for hot volumetric stamping. Mills and automatic lines for the rolling of blanks of low-spring springs, under-springs, guide bearings of air suspension, rolling of the bars of the front axle beam, manufacturing of protective elements and semi-axes of agricultural machinery developed under the guidance or with the direct participation of the author are presented. General requirements for the deformation equipment of machine-building industries are formulated. Recommendations to use induction heating and high-temperature thermomechanical treatment are justified. It is not recommended to change the direction of movement of the workpiece in the process chain. As a power drive equipment it is better to take electromechani cal, rather than hydraulic systems. It is also advisable to choose separate drives for each working element of the equipment.
The technology of cross-screw reduction of tube billets with reverse correction is presented. The calculation of the change in the geometry of the workpiece with a change in the feed angle is carried out. It is shown that for small feeding angles the change in geometry is insignificant, which makes it possible to conduct reverse correction of the workpiece. The calculation of parameters of reverse grooving is carried out.
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