Getting cement-free lime-containing binder by firing thereof and mixed grinding of sand together with solid sludge of still waste liquid being bulk waste of soda ash production is analyzed herein. The experience of making masonry autoclaved concrete blocks and construction of low-rise residential houses therefrom is presented. Lime-containing sludge of still waste liquid, i.e. waste of soda ash production, is shown to be prospective raw material in making construction materials as a substitute for lime.
Properties of both organo-mineral superplasticized unmodified and modified concretes are considered, impact of workability of concrete and water-binder ratio on strength properties of concrete are analyzed herein. Gonsistent aggregate grading with minimum void, accordingly with maximum packed density under optimum content of dispersed particles in concrete is to be applied to make mortars and concrete with stable properties and less variations in values. The proposed solution enables to simplify proportioning as different combination of aggregates is not required for each proportion. Comparative analysis of various fillers being by-products and materials for making mortars and asphalt-concrete has been made. The results for reinforced steel consumption reducing together with efficient combination of higher grade concrete were considered at amending the “reinforced-concrete structures” section. Computational algorithms made under economic and mathematical methods to improve construction solutions over the reinforced concrete frame are given. Efficient engineering solutions to use high strength concrete and rebar that were applied in some facilities are proposed.
Information on the history and formation of the production and application of efficient concrete walling items and road facilities in the construction practice is presented herein by studying historical data. Ways to improve quality of small walling items and road facilities to comply with current energy-saving requirements are analyzed from the historical point of view. Vibropressed technology became widespread over 40 years ago in North America and Europe, being characterized by high capacity and automation of equipment with abilities to manufacture wide spectrum of products by size, shape, finish and color distinguished by low material and energy intensity of production, efficiency of application thereof in energy-saving wall constructions. Special features in making vibropressed concrete items by Besser equipment in the Bashkortostan construction companies are presented.
A number of various proposed options and flow charts applied for the production of gypsum binders are considered herein. Large volumes of inorganic waste amount to millions of tons therefore the phosphogypsum utilization to get effective gypsum binders is an urgent issue. The production of phosphogypsum binders both in our country and abroad is indicated to go in three main directions - burnt, autoclaved and anhydrite (hard-burnt) binders.
Technical condition of exterior brick walls of Ufa residential buildings built in 40-70s together with defects and damages detected is assessed herein, diagnostics of both physico-chemical and physico-mechanical values for serviceability of structures of 40s, 70s and 2000s is made. The expected protection mechanism is proposed to be used in every considered level of rehabilitation to maintain the residual service life and to increase serviceability of damaged residential building walls. The proposed levels of rehabilitation have been tested in cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan under the Program for total renovation of multi-apartment residential buildings.
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