Relevance. Onion is a valuable food crop, which is due to its chemical composition, taste and medicinal qualities. As part of the strategy to ensure food security and independence of Russia in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetable products, including onions, and for this it is necessary to increase the production of domestic seeds. Seed production is an important branch of agriculture, which consists in the planned reproduction of zoned varieties. Unlike commodity production, it is a more labor-intensive industry and requires regular improvement of existing technologies that take into account the specifics of new varieties and hybrids.Materials and methods. The object is onion (Allium сера L.). Research material: new varieties of spring onion Primo and Ampex of selection of FSBSI FSVC. The studies were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The area of the accounting plot is 5m2 , the repetition is 4-fold, with a randomized arrangement of options.Results and discussions. Different planting dates of uterine bulbs, their diameter, standing density, planting depth, significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seed productivity of onion plants of Primo and Ampex varieties. The results obtained made it possible to modify and optimize individual elements of varietal technologies of onion seed production. To create the best conditions for the growth and development of seed plants of Ampex and Primo varieties and to obtain high yields of high-quality seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, it is recommended to: use queen bulbs of 8 cm in size, organize the planting of queen bulbs in the first decade of November, use a scheme for planting queen onions: 75x10 cm, use a planting depth of 15 cm. With this technology, the productivity of plant seeds reaches 6-8 g in the Ampex variety and 5-7 g in the Primo variety, and the yield of conditioned seeds is 520-580 kg/ha and 450-600 kg/ha, respectively.
The influence of three schemes of carrot sowing was studied: sowing with a vegetable seeder VS-4.2 with row spacing of 70 cm, a grain seeder GS-5.4 with row spacing of 15 cm and a MaterMacc seeder using a 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 cm – on the seed yield, their sowing qualities and economic efficiency of non-transplanting seed production. The studies found that the use of MaterMacc seeder in direct seed production of carrot varieties Marlinka provides the necessary density and high survival rate of plants after overwintering, at the same time, on one hectare, testes of the first and second types of branching are formed with more complete seeds. The use of different seeding schemes did not significantly affect the mass of 1000 seeds. Seed germination rates also did not depend on the seeding scheme, but the greatest germination was observed in the control and experiment with the MaterMacc seeder. The new technology using the MaterMacc seeder allows increasing the yield of seeds by 3.2 times, reduce their cost by 3 times and achieve a profitability level of 288.8%.
Stavropol region is well known zone of vegetable seed production from 70th years of last century. Development seed production of main vegetable crops is connected with using of new technologies. New technological methods and its influence on the seed yield formation and on the quality of carrot seeds have been investigated in this study. The objects of the study were seeds of carrot variety Marlinka and different technological methods, including in schemes of sowing. Methods and conditions of experiments have been written in details with scheme of experiment by the study influence of sowing schemes on the seed productivity of carrot plants variety Marlinka. Years of study (2015-2017) have been characterized as drought. Seedling capacity of seeds was very small (about of 30%). Sowing with seed drill Matermacc (by the scheme of sowing: 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm) ensured the seedling capacity needed for survive of plants after winter. Yield of seeds was in 4-6 time higher in variant with using seed drill Matermacc and scheme of sowing 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm, than in variants with traditional technologies. Mass of 1000 seeds was similar under different technologies and schemes of sowing. But seedling capacity was significantly decreased under traditional technologies and using seed drill SZ-5,4.
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