The article examines an episode from the everyday life of Soviet diplomats during the Great Patriotic War. The reports of one of the leaders of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Andrei Vyshinsky on diplomatic receptions in November 1941-1942 are analyzed. These receptions took place in Kuibyshev, where employees of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, headed by Vyshinsky, were temporarily evacuated. Reports on them have been preserved in the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation and are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. They were sent by Vyshinsky to Moscow in the name of Stalin and Molotov. The sources identified by the author of the article, together with memoirs, make it possible to reveal various aspects of the culture of everyday life of Soviet diplomats who were temporarily in Kuibyshev. First, they give an idea of the participation of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in festive commemorations (anniversaries of the October Revolution), which were one of the components of the ceremony for the representation of power. Secondly, the recordings of Vyshinsky's conversations, reflected in his reports, contain important information about the moods of representatives of the diplomatic corps, in particular, ambassadors and envoys of the member states of the anti-Hitler coalition. It was used by the Soviet leadership in solving foreign policy tasks during the most difficult period of the war.
The recent and ongoing debate in the mass press concerning the intentions and the nature of specific actions by the Soviet leadership toward Germany on the eve of the Great Patriotic War more and more highlights the necessity of studying the aspects of the problem connected with the use of sources.The shortage of sources, to a considerable extent predetermined by the very nature of the issues that concern researchers, of course, constitutes one of the weakest aspects of this topic in present-day historiography. The scholarly press has more than once expressed concerns both about the importance of making unknown documents available for circulation and about the obstacles (not the scholars' fault!) constantly encountered in retrieving new sources from state archival repositories.Expansion of the source base for research also entails attention to issues such as the representativeness of new categories of materials and "the hierarchy of relations" within the entire corpus of documents under review. In connection with this, considerable interest attaches to the attempts by V.A. Nevezhin and M.I. Mel'tiukhov to draw readers' attention to their analysis of sources that reflect, to a certain extent, the "general line" of the party and English translation 0 1997 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text 0 1995 by the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of History, and the author. "Rech' Stalina 5 maia 194 1 goda i apologiia nastupatel'noi voiny," Otecheshrennaiu istoriiu, March-April 1995, no. 2, pp. 53-69. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Nevezhin is a candidate of historical sciences and a research associate at the Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences.
В статье анализируются публикации российских историков о факторах победы СССР в Великой Отечественной войне. В качестве источников использовались статьи и монографии, вышедшие в свет в 2015–2020 гг. Основным фактором этой победы признаны в исследовательской литературе наличие промышленного потенциала, героизм и самоотверженность бойцов и командиров Красной армии, патриотический настрой населения, который сочетался с верой в руководство, терпением и умением преодолевать трудности и лишения, которые были вызваны войной. Немаловажное значение имел фактор власти — личность И.В. Сталина, который олицетворял собой в 1941−1945 гг. партийное, государственное и военное руководство. Большое значение имели межсоюзнические отношения СССР в рамках антигитлеровской коалиции, в первую очередь — с Великобританией и США, которые оказали ему помощь по ленд-лизу. The article analyzes the factors of the USSR victory in the Great Patriotic War brought up by Russian historians. Used are the articles and monographics згидшырув шт2015—2020. The main factors of the victory recognized within research literature are: the industrial capacity, Red Army soldiers and commanders’ heroism and dedication, patriotic values of the population in connection with the great belief in the government, the patience and ability to overcome difficulties and undergo hardships, caused by the war. Important also was the factor of authority — the personality of I.V. Stalin, who embodied during 1941—1945 party, government and military leadership. Of great importance was the anti-Hitler coalition, initiated by declarations of mutual support from the governments of the USSR, the USA, and Britain.
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