Performing their professional activity, medical personnel is permanently subjected to a complex of harmful factors. Specificity of conditions in the paraclinical units directly affects the health of medical workers and often provokes occupational diseases in them. Analysis of publications was carried out and review of literature devoted to hygienic assessment of the working conditions and health study of medical personnel of paraclinical units is presented. According to the studied data, the most harmful are biological, phychoemotional, physical and chemical professional factors. It is worth noting the most significant ones: high nervous-emotional stress, potentially infected biomaterial, various biological agents, uncomfortable microclimate, insufficient illumination of the workplace, hazardous chemical substances, noise, effects of ultrasound, laser and ionizing radiations, of electromagnetic field.The conducted analysis of research works concerning the health condition of medical workers shows that the risk of development of occupational diseases in medical workers is comparable to that in industrial workers. Healthcare in the era of technical progress is characterized by introduction of high-technology kinds of medical assistance, expansion of the list of diagnostic procedures, use of new kinds of equipment and computerization of working places. Works published in recent years, note that all these factors add to already existing unfavorable environmental factors.In the recent decade, much attention has been given to such serious problem as latex allergy in medical workers. Of special interest are publications dedicated to study of subjective assessment of the influence of professional risk factors on an organism. They confirm poor awareness of the workers of paraclinical units of the risks associated with the influence of the occupational environment on the health condition. Many studies note that in medical workers only those diseases are recorded that can no longer be concealed. Some researches associate this with a rather popular phenomena among medical workers self-diagnosis and self-treatment.
Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова, ул. Высоковольтная, 9, 390026, г. Рязань, Российская ФедерацияСохранение и укрепление здоровья молодежи является одной из актуальных и важных медицинских и социальных проблем на современном этапе. В Российской Федерации санитарный надзор за учреждениями высшего профессионального образования осуществляется как за коммунальными объектами, так как для ВУЗов отсутствуют специально разработанные санитарные правила и нормы. С позиций современной профилактической медицины обоснованное проведение оздоровительных мероприятий в учебных заведениях медицинского профиля невозможно без гигиенической оценки условий микроклимата, химического состава воздуха помещений, уровней освещенности, шума, электромагнитных полей. Статья посвящена оценке состояния здоровья студентов-медиков в условиях воздействия различных социально-гигиенических, экологических и биологических факторов. Дана гигиеническая характеристика уровней освещенности и микроклимата учебных помещений. Охрана здоровья студентов от отрицательного воздействия электромагнитных полей компьютеров также является важнейшей медико-технической и социальной задачей. Большое значение в статье уделяется проблеме распространения вредных привычек, среди которых курение и употребление спиртных напитков. Представлены гигиенические особенности обучения и вопросы профилактики в медицинских ВУЗах. Отмечается необходимость в пропаганде гигиенических знаний и здорового образа жизни среди студентов в виде лекций и бесед, наглядной агитации.Ключевые слова: студенты-медики, здоровье студентов, гигиенические факторы, социальные и средовые факторы, факторы риска, медицинские вузы. _____________________________________________________________________________ HEALTH STATE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS DETERMINANTS R.M. Berdiev, V.A. Kiryushin, T.V. Motalova, D.I. MiroshnikovaRyazan State Medical University, Vysokovoltnaya str., 9, 390026, Ryazan, Russian FederationThe preservation and promotion of health in youth is one of the most urgent and important health and social problems at the present stage. In the Russian Federation, sanitary supervision of institutions of higher professional education is carried out both for public facilities and for universities, where there are no specially developed sanitary rules and regulations. From the positions of modern preventive medicine, it is impossible to carry out reasonable health-improving measures in educational institutions of a medical profile without
Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова, №1, 2016
Aim. Analysis of functional capacities of the central nervous system (CNS) of medical personnel of maternity hospitals in the dynamics of the work shift. Materials and Methods. Using the WAM method, the functional condition of the central nervous system of doctors (obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists), nurses (midwives, anesthesiologists, ward nurses) in perinatal centers and maternity hospitals in the cities of Ryazan, Smolensk, Lipetsk, and Kolomna at the beginning and end of the work shift was studied. Results. Analysis of parameters of operational self-assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system (well-being, activity, mood) revealed the dynamics of reducing the levels of well-being and activity of the main professional groups by the end of the work shift. Calculation of the W+A/M index in the dynamics of the working shift showed its reduction in obstetricians-gynecologists and neonatologists of perinatal centers by 5.0% (p=0.024174) and 10.6% (p=0.026637), respectively; by 10.6% in maternity hospitals in both professional groups (p=0.037452 and 0.039579). Among the nursing staff of perinatal centers, the index decreased in midwives and nurses anesthesiologists by 5.3% (p=0.000752) and 10.6% (p=0.000752), respectively. In groups of nursing staff of maternity hospitals, decrease in the index was determined in anesthesiologists, midwives and ward nurses by 16.7% (p=0.006566), 10.6% (p=0.003385) and 11.2% (p=0.001059), respectively. Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were found in the analysis of well-being parameters of neonatologists and midwives of perinatal centers, in all the studied respondents of maternity hospitals; of activity in obstetrician-gynecologists, neonatologists and midwives of perinatal centers, in all surveyed respondents of maternity hospitals; of W+A/N index in obstetrician-gynecologists, neonatologists, midwives, in anesthesiologists of perinatal centers and in all studied professional groups of maternity hospitals. Reduction of the functional condition of the central nervous system by the end of the work shift may indicate developing fatigue.
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