Medical thermography is a modern diagnostic method that is currently gaining popularity due to high informative value and non-invasiveness. The aim of the study was to review the capabilities and prospects of medical thermography in modern medicine. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the application of medical thermography methods for the period of 2012-2017 was performed. The article presents the capabilities of imaging in various fields of medicine, evaluates the prospects of further development of the method, advances and disadvantages of thermography were identified. It also provides the review of the application of medical infrared thermography in clinical medicine. The experience of thermography application in various medical fields was investigated: angiology, otolaryngology, surgery, neurology, obstetrics and gyenecology, etc. Apart from medical aspects of this topic, the article discusses the history of medical thermography as well as provides the physical principles of this method. At present, thermal imaging can solve a wide range of problems: determining the presence of changes in the human body, and, as a result, the probability of pathology development, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Every year more and more studies are carried out, confirming the high efficiency, reliability and safety of thermography, thermographic screenings are suggested, that can be assumed as prediction of future method's popularity.
The main method of joining the wound edges in surgery remains suturing with the help of threads. Unfortunately, suture materials used in surgery have a number of disadvantages. The percentage of postoperative wound complications remains high. One of these consequences is the failure of the seam, depending also on the material used in the operation. Suture material, as a genetically alien object, that is a foreign body, with a long stay in the tissues can lead to the development of complications: causes suppuration of wounds, formation of abscesses, peritonitis. Materials and methods: The analysis of modern Russian-language and foreign literature, also Internet sources devoted to the issue of issues and modern developments of antiseptic suture material. As a result, the choice and development of an ideal suture material that meets all the requirements, remains an unsolved and socially significant problem in surgery. Despite the variety of variations already offered, there is currently no suture material with antimicrobial activity on the market that would fully reduce the risk of developing infections in the surgical area. But the achievements of modern chemical production make it possible to develop biologically active suture materials that have the ability to resist the development of infectious complications in a wound and improve tissue regeneration without adversely affecting the body. In addition, the analysis showed an increased interest of developers to chitosan, due to its exceptional biocompatibility, bioresorbability, non-toxicity, antibacterial properties and hemostaticity.
Хирургия является одним из самых древних видов деятельности человека. И по мере того как развивалась хирургия, развивались и методы, и техническое оснащение, с помощью которых стало возможным проведение многочисленных манипуляций. Традиционным методом, которым пользовались хирурги, становилось оперативное вмешательство, заключающееся в физическом внедрении во внутреннюю среду организма больного, что являлось достаточно большим риском и угрозой жизни пациента из-за развития инфекционных осложнений, несмотря на качество проведенной операции. Поэтому впоследствии предупреждение попадания патогенных микроорганизмов и развития инфекционных осложнений стало одним из основополагающих принципов в хирургии. Однако успехи современной хирургии были бы невозможны, если бы не были разработаны методы борьбы с микроорганизмами, которые предотвращают развитие сепсиса при проведении операций. Таким образом, методы, направленные на уничтожение попавших в организм человека микроорганизмов, объединили, и появилось такое понятие, как «антисептика». В данной статье рассмотрены история зарождения и внедрения в медицинскую практику антисептических методов, а также эффективность тех или иных антисептиков в разные периоды развития хирургии. Изучены материалы по применению современных антисептиков и исследована проблема развития антисептики в наши дни. Ключевые слова: антисептика, хирургия, история, обработка ран, инфекция.
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