Issues such as fossil fuels and oil supplies have stimulated the search for renewable alternatives such as biofuels. Agricultural crop residues represent an abundant renewable resource for the future of bioethanol. For it to be a viable alternative, the second-generation ethanol which ought to provide a net energy gain, environmental benefits, should be economically viable, and also be produced in large quantities without reducing food supplies. The current difficulty of lignocellulosic biofuel production is the hydrolysis of biomass into sugar. This is a work in which the white-rot Lentinula edodes fungus secretes substantial amounts of hydrolytic enzymes and is useful for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which have not been described yet. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the pH effect (5, 6 and 7), agitation (0, 100 rpm and 200 rpm) and also the cultivation time (6, 9 and 12 days). The culture medium was supplemented with agro-industrial residue and the EF 52 strain of the fungus Lentinula edodes was used as a processing agent. A factorial design 2 2 repeating the central point was performed. Submerged cultivation was conducted in a synthetic medium and was incubated at 25˚C. The total protein content was determined as well as the activity of xylanase and cellulase (endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase). By Pareto diagram, the agitation and pH variables were significant for enzymatic activities. The highest enzyme expression occurred at pH values between 5.0 and 6.0 and above 100 rpm agitation. The exoglucanase was the enzyme which showed the highest activity in terms of cellulases, despite the cultivation time. Regarding the production of other enzymes and proteins, the most significant cultivation time was 12 days.
RESUMO-A pirólise de biomassa é uma alternativa interessante ao uso de derivados de petróleo, apresentando atrativos técnico-econômicos. A eficiência da pirólise está intrinsicamente relacionada a processos de aquecimento, em geral conduzidos em equipamentos de leito móvel. Neste sentido, desenvolve-se a solução analítica de um modelo para transferência de calor em leito móvel que considera: condução no interior das partículas, convecção entre fluido de arraste e partículas e interações térmicas entre fluido de arraste e gás de combustão, onde o aquecimento é provido sem contato entre os fluidos. A solução é obtida pelo método dos Operadores Autoadjuntos (MOA) e implementada em código dedicado. Os resultados são comparados com solução de um modelo mais simples e com solução numérica-através de combinação do Método Analítico Finito (MAF) com o de Diferenças Finitas (MDF). Por fim, a solução analítica é suficientemente geral para ser aplicada em outros processos conduzidos em leito móvel.
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