A comparative analysis of protein and peptide profile, biological activities of hydrolysed bovine colostrum and whey was performed. It was found that the depth of proteolysis, qualitative and quantitative composition of protein component of samples determined the level of their antiradical, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and antigenic properties. SDS electrophoresis of experimental samples revealed more extensive protein hydrolysis in the course of alcalase treatment than during enzymatic reaction with neutrase. Using fluorimetric method the influence of hydrolysis with endopeptidases and fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on antioxidant properties of milk proteins was established. 1.7–5.5 times increase in antiradical activity of derived samples in comparison with native proteins was recorded. Reduction in mutation rate induced by whey hydrolysate in tested strain Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 ranged from 15.7 % to 49.2 %, whereas antimutagenic effect on strain TA 100 varied from 18.8 % to 52.1 %, exceeding the similar values shown by colostrum hydrolysates. Samples of colostrum and whey hydrolysed with alcalase are enriched with specific short-chain peptides which determine their relatively high antimutagenic and antiradical properties. Immunoprecipitation reaction demonstrated effective splitting of β lactoglobulin by alcalase, resulting in production of hypoallergenic hydrolysates. It was found by impedimetric technique that neutrase-cleaved colostrum accounted for maximum inhibition of Escherichia coli АТСС 8739 (82 %) and Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538 (19 %). Samples of enzymatic hydrolysates of colostrum and whey proteins with confirmed antimicrobial, antimutagenic and antioxidant action were obtained. The use of hydrolysed and fermented colostrum with elevated antioxidant potential in special nutrition appears extremely promising.
Introduction. Improving technologies and providing young farm animals with high-quality feed are the primary tasks for successful reproduction and maintenance of dairy cattle. The research objective was to assess the quality characteristics of colostrum and milk replacers, as well as their technological prospects.
Study objects and methods. The research featured colostrum, calf milk replacers (CMR), processing methods, and quality characteristics. The paper introduces an analysis of various sustainable processes of obtaining new CMRs.
Results and discussion. The article describes colostrum: recommended intake for young calves, qualitative characteristics, and control methods. It focuses mostly on the microbiological characteristics of colostrum, as well as on its role in developing the immune system of calves and the prospects of enzymatic regulation of its functional properties. Enzymatic regulation is based on deep proteins hydrolysates and a highly active serine protease (alcalase). The authors studied variants of using various enzyme preparations and bacterial starter cultures for obtaining hydrolyzed and fermented colostrum, analyzed the main process indicators of milk replacers with intermediate moisture content, and tested various methods for assessing the fatty acid and protein composition of concentrated milk replacers. Production methods proved to have a significant impact on the indicators in question.
Conclusion. Reproduction of the dairy herd genetic potential depends on the diet of the young farm animals, and so does the economy of agricultural production. Enzymatic processing of raw materials proved to be the most promising approach for obtaining products with improved functional properties. Deep colostrum hydrolysates can also be an important part of functional foods for children, athletes, in dietary foods, etc.
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