Background: In silico characterization can help to explain the interaction between molecules and predict three-dimensional structures. Various studies have confirmed the glucose-lowering effects of plant extracts, ie, lupeol and iso-orientin, which enable them to be used as antidiabetic agents. Purpose: Aims of the present study were to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of lupeol and iso-orientin in a rat model. The study proposed the effects of alloxan on blood glucose level, body weight, and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Thirty (n=30) Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups and were subjected to different combinations of the compounds. Levels of different stress markers, ie, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitric oxide, glutathione, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, and blood glucose levels were estimated with their respective methods. Whereas, for their in silico analysis, identified target proteins, GPR40, glucose-6-phosphatase, UCP2, glycogen phosphorylase, aldose reductase, and glucose transporter-4 were docked with lupeol and iso-orientin. Three-dimensional structures were predicted by ERRAT, Rampage, Verify3D, threading and homology approaches. Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly increased in rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (208±6.94 mg/dL) as compared to controls (90±7.38 mg/dL). Infected rats were administered plant extracts; combined treatment of both extracts (lupeol+iso-orientin) significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose (129.06±6.29 mg/dL) and improved the antioxidant status. Fifteen structures of each selected protein were evaluated using various techniques. Consequently, satisfactory quality factors [GPR40 (96.41%), glucose-6-phosphatase (96.56%), UCP2 (72.56%), glycogen phosphorylase (87.24%), aldose reductase (82.46%), and glucose transporter-4 (94.29%)] were selected. Molecular docking revealed interacting residues, effective drug properties and their binding affinities (ie, −8.9 to −12.6 Kcal/mol). Conclusion: Results of the study affirmed the antidiabetic activities of lupeol and iso-orientin. Administration of these extracts (either individually or in combination) significantly reduced blood glucose levels and oxidative stress. Hence, it may be considered beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
We studied the effects of weight loss and non-weight-bearing exercise (swimming) on blood and organ lead and essential metal concentrations in rats with prior lead exposure. Nine-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 37) received lead acetate in their drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by a 4-day latency period without lead exposure. Rats were then randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups: weight maintenance with ad libitum feeding, moderate weight loss with 20% food restriction, and substantial weight loss with 40% food restriction, either with or without swimming. Blood lead concentrations were measured weekly. The rats were euthanized after a 4-week period of food restriction, and the brain, liver, kidneys, quadriceps muscle, lumbar spinal column bones, and femur were harvested for analysis for lead, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Both swimming and nonswimming rats fed restricted diets had consistently higher blood lead concentrations than the ad libitum controls. Rats in the substantial weight loss group had higher organ lead concentrations than rats in the weight maintenance group. Rats in the moderate weight loss group had intermediate values. There were no significant differences in blood and organ lead concentrations between the swimming and nonswimming groups. Organ iron concentrations increased with weight loss, but those of the other metals studied did not. Weight loss also increased hematocrits and decreased bone density of the nonswimming rats. The response of lead stores to weight loss was similar to that of iron stores because both were conserved during food restriction in contrast to decreased stores of the other metals studied. It is possible that weight loss, especially rapid weight loss, could result in lead toxicity in people with a history of prior excessive lead exposure.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5
Objectives: To investigate serum uric as an indicator of fetomaternal complicationsin women with late pregnancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Shalamar Medicaland Dental College Lahore ethical committee. Period: One year from October 2016 to October2017. Methodology: Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviationlike age and Serum malonaladehyde concentration; categorical variables were presented asnumbers and percentages like intra uterine growth restriction, Mild to moderate and sever preeclampsia and fetal distress. One way ANOVA, independent sample t test and chi square testwere applied to check significance of results, p value less than or equal to 0.05 was consideredas significant. Results: Overall, 100% (n=400) patients were included in this study. The meanage of the patients was 25.81±4.33 years. The age difference was not statistically significant,in groups (p=0.383). The mean serum uric acid levels of the patients for maturity (weeks)36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 was 247.96±2.52 (nmol/l), 253.95±2.04 (nmol/l), 261.19±3.15 (nmol/l),263.95±2.75 (nmol/l) and 296.19±2.55 (nmol/l) respectively. The differences were statisticallysignificant (p=0.000). Fetal distress, number with rising levels were (n=23) 71.8%, number withno change in levels were (n=3) 9.4% and number with falling levels were (n=6) 18.8%. Thedifferences were statistically significant. (p=0.000). Conclusion: The observations of our studyconcluded that serial increase of serum uric acid from 36th week to 40th week was observedin pregnancy induced hypertion patients, and raised serum level of uric acid had significantrelation with fetomaternal complications. like Fetal distress, preeclampsia, and intrauterinegrowth retardation. So serum uric acid can be used an indicator for fetometernal complicationsin late pregnancy.
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Objectives: To evaluate the expression of MMPs and oxidative stress markers inpregnant Asthmatic females. Period: July 2015 to Dec 2015. Design: Cross sectional. Setting:Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Background: Maternal asthma throughout pregnancy unfavorablyalters pregnancy outcomes but evaluation of the causes, and the ability to assess interventions,is restricted having inadequate knowledge of complex interactions between underlyinginflammation, oxidativestress and structural changes in asthmatic airways. Methods: Total 100patients were included in study. Fifty ascontrols. Clinically diagnosed asthmatic pregnant femalescoming to GyneaUnit of Jinnah hospital were included.Females on any medication or sufferingfrom any congenital disease were excluded out of the current study. Matrix metalloproteinase’s,TNF-α, 8OHdG, 4-HNE and Isoprostanes are measured by ELISA. Results: Results shows thatMMP- 7 and MMP-9 have positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α but MMP-8 have significantly positive correlation with it (TNF-α Vs. MMP-8 r=0.946. On the other handMMP-7 has significant correlation besides other MMPS (MMP-7 Vs.8OHdG r=0.719) indicatinga positive correlation between proteinases and marker of DNA damage indicating epithelialshedding in case of Asthma. Conclusion: The sole objective of effective asthma managementin pregnancy is to prevent exacerbations. Antioxidants should be added in diet so to ovoidoxidative stress caused to airway epithelial and structural cells and MMP inhibitors may be usedas therapeutic agents as well as measuring MMP levels as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
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