This paper deals with the integration process in technological systems projects. The paper reviews the objectives of the integration process, planning and managing principles, as well as the pitfalls and difficulties associated with this process. The following integration approaches are described and analyzed: hardware-assisted versus software only, bottom-up versus top-down, and hierarchial versus functional approaches. Then, a case study that focuses on the third group-the hierarchial and functional approaches-is presented. Four projects that were conducted at the same firm have been examined. The case study attempts to determine whether there is a relation between these two integration approaches and project success. The findings of the case study show that-particularly when customer satisfaction is determined as a major goal-the hierarchial integration approach is preferable to the functional approach, with respect to project success.
This paper deals with the integration process in multidisciplinary technical systems projects. The paper reviews the objectives of the integration process, planning and managing principles, as well as the pitfalls and difficulties associated with this process. Various integration approaches are described and analyzed. A method for comparing integration approaches in systems projects is suggested. The paper then introduces the Model‐Based methods for virtual integration and examines how initial steps in that direction impact the conventional integration practices.
he technical content of the panel presentation focused on two major systems areas: (1) the generation of electrical energy, and (2) the movement of that energy to consumers from the energy sources ("the smart grid"). In view of recent events, we also considered what the lessons from Japan's tsunami tragedy taught us about the need for better systems engineering to make future nuclear-energy generation safer and more robust.The first hour consisted of presentations by each of the panelists. Presentations related to the smart grid were made by Ray Beach and Nigamanth Sridhar, and covered issues related to future distributed energy generation and storage, enhanced system software, control, and sensing. Presentations related to the generation of electrical energy were made by Kirk Sorensen and Neil Snyder, and covered advanced nuclear generation utilizing a liquid fluoride thorium reactor, and renewable energy from solar and wind.The second hour was dedicated to answering questions from the audience, and is summarized by the following items:• Costs comparison of nuclear and renewable energy sources • Need for better accounting of all costs for energy sources • The potential of the liquid fluoride thorium reactor for solving long-standing issues associated with safety and proliferation • Need for better representation of technical issues with government lawmakers and regulators • Potential role for INCOSE involvement in national discussions of energy and power • It is very clear that INCOSE is in a pivotal position to bring its systems perspective to help develop sound energy policies. We are in a period where decisions must consider a total approach to solving many complex and interrelated issues. The two most important considerations are (1) energy independence and (2) economic stability. Both of these can be met with a sound and complete energy policy, developed using a sound systems approach.T U sually, systems engineering is perceived as process-oriented. Systems engineering standards (ISO 15288, ANSI/EIA 632, IEEE 120, MIL-STD 499C, and CMMI) are all focused on processes. The implied claim is that by implementing effective systems engineering processes, it is possible to create good system designs even with mediocre systems engineers. Yet INCOSE also supports a top-notch certification program to identify the highly qualified systems engineers as CSEP and ESEP. The implied claim of certification is that effective systems engineering can be gained only by having effective people, the experienced systems engineers. This panel discusses the important and sensitive dilemma: to be people-oriented? or to be process-oriented? or both? The DebateThe panel was formed as a debate. Eric Honour advocated for the people-oriented position, Joe Kasser represented the process-oriented position, and Hillary Sillitto, Uzi Orion, Cecilia Haskins argued that both orientations are needed for effective systems engineering. The debate continued through the vivid question-and-answer session by the attendees and the panelists.The positio...
This paper deals with the integration process in multidisciplinary technical systems projects. The paper reviews the objectives of the integration process, planning and managing principles, as well as the pitfalls and difficulties associated with this process. Various integration approaches are described and analyzed. A method for comparing integration approaches in systems projects is suggested.
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