A comparative study was undertaken to investigate the potential of silica-pectin ultrafiltration membrane on varied operation pressure (0.1-0.3 MPa). Cross-flow ultrafiltration works were explored with tubular alumina substrates in single and multichannel configuration. The silica-pectin sol was prepared from TEOS as silica precursor by sol-gel method, afterward pectin was templated into the silica sol to induce carbon on it. Thereafter, both of single and multichannel alumina substrates was coated by the silica-pectin sol via inner coating technique. The study exhibited better performance of multichannel silica-pectin ultrafiltration membrane (with 4 bores) compared to the single channel membrane in terms of the permeate quality of UV254 rejection, as well as the permeate flux. The UV254 rejection of multichannel silica-pectin ultrafiltration membranes conducted over 84% in compliance with highest permeate fluxes of 234.3 L.m-2.h-1.bar-1 at high operation pressure (TMP 0.3 MPa). The multichannel ultrafiltration membrane permeate flux in this work is slightly high 60-75% over single channel. Hence, both single and multichannel silica-pectin membranes exhibited steady neutralized permeate fluxes under TMP 0.3 MPa conditions for natural 100% peat water concentration, which indicates that fouling is not occurred during filtration time up to 60 min. Therefore, multichannel silica-pectin ultrafiltration membrane in this work is success to treatment of natural peat water, that the natural organic matter removal was found to be fit for uses as clean water sources.
South Kalimantan-Indonesia is in the Southern part of Borneo which almost half of the population lives in remote areas. Geographically, people are isolated and have poor access to electricity as well as a clean water supply. It is very essential to ensure the availability of clean water produced from peat water to overcome future water shortages. This work performs the fabrication of multi-channel silica-based membranes applied for peat water ultrafiltration which is demonstrated under various transmembrane pressure (TMP) and top layer types. The silica based top layer membranes were fabricated from three different sources (silica-pectin, organosilica, and pure silica) via dipcoating method onto macroporous multi-channel alumina support (4 bore). Peat water was treated by multi-channel membranes through ultrafiltration process through cross flow system. According to the results, all multiples top layer pore size were obtained with range from 2.1 to 6 nm classified as mesoporous membranes. This process exhibited a promising outcome for removal natural organic matter (NOM) about 89-71% (UV254 rejection) at TMP 1-3 bar, respectively. Besides that, normalized permeate fluxes of that membrane excellently stable over 180 min operation time. It is concluded that silica based multichannel membranes are either compatible to treat peat water that has high number of NOM as well as excellent to overcome membrane fouling.
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