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The FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds, aromatic aldehydes and tert-butyl carbamate was reported. The subsequent Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation of the resulting tert-butyl diarylmethyl carbamate with heteroaromatic compounds under "open-flask" at room temperature was also performed. The two-step reaction was especially useful for the synthesis of functionalized nonsymmetrical heteroaryl-substituted triarylmethanes in good yields under an air atmosphere at room temperature.

Brönsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed the synthesis of aniline- and phenol-based triarylmethanes via Friedel-Crafts reaction under metal- and solvent-free conditions.

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A mild, efficient and metal-free method was described for the green synthesis of dipyrromethanes from aldehydes and unsubstituted pyrrole catalyzed by SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (SO3H-ILs) in aqueous media at room temperature. Notably, SO3H-ILs, 1-butylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([bsmim][HSO4]) was the most efficient catalyst for moderate to good yields of the corresponding desired products.

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A first and short total synthesis of the marine sponge 2,3′-bis­(indolyl)­ethylamine (2,3′-BIEA) alkaloid (±)-gelliusine E was performed in both a three-step divergent approach and a one-pot three-component approach with an overall yield of up to 58%. A key feature of the novel strategy is PTSA-catalyzed transindolylation of the readily synthesized 3,3′-BIEAs with tryptamine derivatives. The structure of the isolated natural product is revised as protonated (±)-gelliusine E (4′). By design, this modular route allows the rapid synthesis of other members of the 2,3′-BIEA family, for example, (±)-6,6′-bis-(debromo)-gelliusine F and analogues with step economy, operational simplicity, and reduced waste. Furthermore, their cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells was investigated.