The purpose of this study was to establish broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA: dB/MHz) as bone mineral density (BMD) norms for healthy young Japanese and to evaluate the standard values for an ultrasonic bone analyzer (Cuba Clinical, McCue Ultrasonics Ltd., Winchester, England), which facilitates BMD measurement without exposure to radiation. The subjects were 472 healthy young individuals with no endocrine or skeletal disorders, 197 males (mean age 16y 5m) and 275 females (mean age 15y 7m) aged from 5 to 29 years. BUA was measured at the left calcaneus. The subjects were divided into five age-stratified different age groups of five years intervals. The mean BUA values (dB/MHz) obtained were 40.6, 60.9, 78.0, 90.4 and 86.0 for males, and 41.9, 61.0, 73.4, 68.4 and 70.8 for females in the 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 age groups, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between BUA and age in both males and females except in the male 25-29 age group and the female 20-24 and 25-29 age groups. A significantly different BUA between males and females was found in the 20-24 and 25-29 age groups (pϽ0.001). The BUA values obtained in this study may serve as BMD norms for children and young adults. It might be thought that measuring BUA from childhood through early adulthood made it possible to determine peak values and peak periods of BMD, providing useful information for assessment of growth and development.
It is clinically important to evaluate the level of skeletal maturation in juveniles to determine the appropriate timing for orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the age of bone maturity by using an ultrasonic bone analyzer (Cuba Clinical, McCue Ultrasonics Ltd., Winchester, U.K.). Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA : dB/MHz) was measured at the left calcaneus as an effective indicator of the age of bone maturity. The subjects consisted of 249 males and 304 females aged 12 to 29 years who had not suffered constitutional bone disease or a disease of the endocrine system. The peak value of BUA considered as bone maturity was 104.44 at the age of 19 years in males and 77.80 at the age of 16 years in females, and the peak age range was indicated as 18-19 years in males and 13-16 years in females by statistical evaluation. The peak age range indicated by BUA was wider in females than that in males. The present results can be used as reference ages for maturity in growth prediction for orthodontic treatment of Japanese children and adolescents. The heights and weights of the subjects were also collected as basic data. A significant positive correlation was observed between BUA values and weight (r43.0ס pϽ0.01 in females, r25.0ס pϽ0.01 in males). BUA is known to describe the quality of bone because the calcaneus is a loading bone. The relation between bone quality and growth has not been discussed. Further research is required to investigate this relationship.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there has been an increase in the number of non-extraction cases over recent years and investigate the selection of treatment devices. Patients attending the Department of Orthodontics at Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital in whom orthodontic treatment was commenced between July 1989 and July 1990 (Group A) or between June 1998 and May 2003 (Group B) were included in the study. The orthodontic diagnostic records of the patients were examined. Patients requiring orthognathic surgery, those with congenital diseases or cleft palate, and those with an uncertain diagnostic record were excluded. The characteristics, initial age, and classification of malocclusion in the two groups were almost the same. The patients in both groups were further divided into two subgroups: one in which treatment was commenced in mixed dentition and another in which it was begun in permanent dentition. The final therapeutic strategy, that is to say, non-extraction or extraction, was investigated in all groups. The final observation date in the mixed dentition group in Group B was September 2011. No major differences were observed in pattern or type of malocclusion between the two groups. Group B, however, showed an increased rate of non-extraction treatment. A policy of non-extraction was pursued in a higher proportion of patients in whom treatment was commenced in mixed dentition than in those in which it was begun in permanent dentition.
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