Objectives: This study was done to compare calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and chlorhexidine (CHX) in relieving interappointment pain, in addition to observe influence of gender and age. Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: Department of Operative Dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Period: 3rd October 2016 to 20th May 2017. Material & Methods: 100 subjects were divided into 2 groups of 50, group A (Ca(OH)2) and group B (CHX). Information was recorded regarding the gender, age, intracanal medicament used, VAS pain scores of preoperative pain, 24 hours, 48 hours and on the 4th day of placing medicament. Change in pain scores was assessed as the main outcome variable. Results: VAS score mean difference for both medicaments was significant for 24 hours, 48 hours and 4th day (p < 0.0005. CHX medicament decreased pain more as compared to Ca(OH)2. Age had no significant effect on VAS score decrease but females had significant decrease in pain (p=0.04). Conclusion: CHX decreased the mean interappointment pain score more as compared to Ca(OH)2.
Background: Amalgam was the material of choice for dental restorations due to its excellent mechanical properties, but the World Health Organization recommended that it should be phased out due to its environmental concerns. Aim: To determine the dental clinicians’ attitude to amalgam use during routine clinical practice in Lahore. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among private practicing dentists in Lahore.Using convenience sampling, 100 proformas were dispersed. The questionnaire included informed consent along with demographic data such as gender and years of practice, 17 questions related to perceptionand practices, and seven questions about knowledge of dental amalgam restorations.Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Seventy four questionnaires were returned filled by participants.Majority of the participants, 51 (68.9%), performed no amalgam restorations, but those with 10 years or more experience still used the material at their practices. Dentists based on clinical experience were: less than 5 years=14(18.9%), 5-10 years =31(41.9%), and more than 10 years = 29(39.2%). Significant association, p=0.02, was observed between clinical experience of clinicians and the number of amalgam restorations performed weekly in their clinics. Practical implication=Health organizations often debate about amalgam safety and the environmental issues of mercury. After the devastating floods in Sindh, environmental issues are recently raised in Pakistan. Conclusion: According to this research, dental amalgam use within private dental practitioners is definitely on a decline in Lahore. Some senior dental practitioners with 10 years or more of experienceregularly used amalgam as a restorative material. MeSH words: Dental amalgam, General Practice, Dental,
Background The paradigm shift from replacement to repair of defective resin composite restorations to implement minimal intervention approaches has been popular. Therefore, the teaching of composite repair strategies is included in contemporary dental curricula across the globe. Methods A validated 18-item questionnaire pertaining to existing educational practices related to the teaching of defective composite restorations repair was acquired form dental colleges in Pakistan. Results The response rate was 63% and the majority of dental colleges (67%) reported that they have included the teaching of composite restorations repair in the curricula, where four colleges (33%) implemented only didactic teaching and eight colleges (66%) reported a combination of didactic teaching and clinical training. The composite repair indications taught included tooth substance conservation 100% (12), reduced cost to patient 84.3% (10) and dentist 100% (12), reduced iatrogenic pulpal damage 100% (12), and reduced chair side treatment time 91.3% (11), restoration-related defects (66% preferred repair), anterior tooth fracture from incisal/proximal margin (80% teach repair), and in case of posterior tooth cusp fracture (20% teach repair). Our results revealed that the choice of mechanical and adhesive substrate surface conditioning depended on case selection. Conclusion The teaching of defective composite restorations repair was less widespread and certain variations in teaching were identified. Nearly all dental colleges reported to incorporate current evidence of minimum invasive strategies of composite repair in curricula in future.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Edentulous patients require accurate positioning of artificial maxillary anterior teeth in complete dentures to recover the esthetic and phonetic characteristics. This positioning is guided by measuring distance between central incisor (CI) and incisive papilla (IP) in dentate subjects which varies according to the ovoid, square and tapered maxillary arch forms. Objectives: 1- To determine the frequency of three different arch forms in dentate patients; 2- To assess the mean distance between central incisor and incisive papilla in each of the three maxillary arch forms. METHODOLOGY: 130 cases were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling, which included both genders and age range of 20-40 years. Impressions of maxillary arches were recorded and their casts photocopied. Arch form template was used to standardize the assessment of arch forms by best-fit method on the photocopies. The distance between mesio-incisal edge of CI and posterior border of IP was measured with digital verniercalipers (SparkFun,Colorado). RESULTS: Out of 130 subjects, 54 males and 76 females were present. The ovoid arch form was the most frequent form recorded at 67% (n=87) while the tapered arch was the least at 14% (n=18). The overall mean distance between central incisor (CI) and incisive papilla (IP) was 11.34mm (7.58mm - 16.45mm). The mean distance was the highest for ovoid arch form (11.58mm) and lowest for square (10.49) with a statistically significant difference (p=0.016) between the two arch forms. CONCLUSION: The ovoid arch was the most frequent arch form found in dentate subjects. The mean distance recorded was highest for ovoid arch followed by tapering arch and least for square arches.
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